Mexican War of Independence

Mexican War for Independence

1810-1821

Review of Unit 4: Lessons 7 - 11.

SPANISH EMPIRE

The Spanish tried to control Texas and Mexico by building missions, presidios, and small towns (pueblos).

When the French were no longer a threat, after France was kicked out of North America (French and Indian War, 1763), Spanish officials lost interest in Texas BUT not Mexico.

However, Spain soon faced new threats to its empire.

MAP: ^{Shows North America in 1763. Only Spain and Britain remain powerful colonizers of North America.}

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was the primary effect of the Spanish missions in Texas?

Think about the PURPOSE of MISSIONS.

• Missionaries forced Native Americans to adopt Spanish culture and religious beliefs.

• Missions established trade between Native Americans and missionaries.

• Native Americans fought each other over control of the Spanish missionaries.

Multiple Choice

This picture shows a...

Hint: Do you see SECURITY or a CHURCH as the main purpose of this building?

• Presidio / SECURITY

• Mission / CHURCH

In 1800 France forced Spain to return Louisiana and then sold it to the United States for $15 million in 1803. The land deal, known was the LOUISIANA PURCHASE, doubled the size of the United States.

Multiple Choice

The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory (1803) from what country?

• England

• France

• Spain

Multiple Choice

How did the Louisiana Purchase (1803) effect the geography of the United States?

• it tripled the size of the U.S.

• it doubled the size of the U.S.

• it had no effect

Border Disputes in Texas

The Spanish were alarmed by the Louisiana Purchase--the United States now bordered New Spain. A dispute quickly arose over the undefined boundaries of Louisiana.

NEW SPAIN in a CRISIS ->CAUSES FOR WAR

• Encomienda System

• Caste System & Economic Instability

• Grito de Dolores

• Inspired by revolutions around the World

Mexican War for Independence

The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict and political process, lasting from 1810 to 1821, resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain.

Multiple Choice

In what year did Mexico WIN its independence from Spain?

Meaning: in what year did the war END.

• 1810

• 1803

• 1821

• 1836

CAUSE 1: Encomienda System

A Spanish slavery system where the Spanish government gave conquistadores control of land and the people on it.

PLAN: Conquistadors protect and educate natives.

REALITY: Conquistadors treat natives as slaves.

Multiple Choice

The individuals that Spain sent to the New World to claim land and find natural resources were known as —

• Conqustadors

• Padres

• Empresarios

Multiple Choice

The encomienda system and the plantation system were very different because Native Americans were paid a fair wage through the encomienda system and slaves were forced to work for free.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

The encomienda system initially used Native Americans as slaves while the plantation system used Africans as slaves.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

The encomienda system and the plantation system were very similar because both enslaved a group of people and forced them to work for a specific master or owner for free [slavery].

• TRUE

• FALSE

CAUSE 2: Caste System and Economic Instability

CASTE: A social class system in New Spain, where your rights and opportunities were determined by your race.

ECONOMIC INSTABILITY: no jobs/high taxes.

Who loses? Mestizos, Natives, and Africans

Multiple Choice

Who paid the MOST TAXES and had the LEAST OPPORTUNITIES in and were hurt by ECONOMIC INSTABILITY?

• Peninsulares and Creoles

• Mestizos, Africans, and Natives

CAUSE 3: Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores

Priest (Father Miguel Hidalgo) from the town of Dolores in present day Mexico. Gave a speech called the "Grito de Dolores" or "Cry of Dolores" in which he urged revolt against the unfair class system. He would lead the first attempt at Mexican Independence, but would ultimately be betrayed by his own officer and killed by the Spanish.

Fill in the Blank

Father ____ gave a speech in 1810 called the Grito de Dolores, where he spoke in favor of Mexico's independence from Spain. What is his name?

Fill in the Blank

What is the name of Father Hidalgo's speech?

CAUSE 4: American Revolution and French Revolution

SIMILAR CAUSE: taxes!

American Revolution (1775-1783) -> 13 American colonies declare their independence from Great Britain. Due to unfair taxes and other abuses by King George III/Parliament. -> AMERICAN REPUBLIC created after revolution!

French Revolution (1789-1799) -> The Ancien Régime is abolished and King Louis XVI is executed. An uprising against the French monarchy. -> FRENCH REPUBLIC created after revolution!

If you remember, REPUBLICANISM or to be a REPUBLIC, is when citizens ELECT their representatives.

Types of Government

Most countries today are a mix of DEMOCRACY/REPUBLIC.

We, citizens, ELECT representatives to make decisions for us in government.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be the best title for the chart above?

• Causes of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• Causes of the FRENCH REVOLUTION

• Causes of the MEXICAN WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

Multiple Choice

A “republic” could best be defined as a government in which power rests with —

• officials elected by the people

• a king or queen/monarchy

• all of the citizens

• a few individuals

SIMILAR or DIFFERENT?

How similar or different are the MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE to the AMERICAN REVOLUTION?

SIMILAR:

- Both experienced a government that imposed UNFAIR TAXES.

-Both had inspiration individuals that called for INDEPENDENCE. ^{[Paine for American; Hidalgo for Mexican]}

DIFFERENT:

- Both had an established slavery system with different workers. Americans had PLANTATIONS with AFRICANS; while Mexicans had ENCOMIENDAS with NATIVES.

-Mexico gained its independence from SPAIN in 1821; the United States gained its independence from BRITAIN in 1783.

Multiple Choice

A similarity between the American Revolution and the Mexican War for Independence would include —

• REBELLED BECAUSE OF unfair taxes

• REBELLED BECAUSE OF social classes

• REBELLED BECAUSE OF same mother country

Multiple Choice

Most revolutions occur BECAUSE people....

• have too many rights and freedoms.

• feel that the government is treating them unfairly.

• believe the government should control all aspects of their lives.

Read the chart to get an understanding of the CAUSES and EFFECTS of the war.

EFFECTS of the Mexican War of Independence

Effect 1: Mexico becomes a REPUBLIC. [POSITIVE]

Effect 2: Mexico experiences ECONOMIC RUIN. [Negative]

Effect 3: Mexico experiences POLITICAL INSTABILITY. [Negative]

Effect 1: MEXICO BECOMES A REPUBLIC

One major effect of the Mexican War for Independence was Mexico became an independent republic in 1821. The people of Mexico won the independence from Spain they had been fighting for.

Republic = Republicanism. When people ELECT representatives to create their government.

Multiple Choice

A “republic” could best be defined as a government in which power rests with —

• officials elected by the people

• a king or queen/monarchy

• all of the citizens

• a few individuals

Effect 2: MEXICO EXPERIENCES ECONOMIC RUIN

Another effect was economic ruin. Many people lost their lives in the war, which impacted the economy, and the expenses of war caused Mexico to be in major debt.

The war took a toll on Texas’ population as a direct result of the fighting and also because people fled to more central locations in Mexico which felt more secure in the aftermath of the war.

Effect 3: MEXICO EXPERIENCES POLITICAL INSTABILITY

A final effect of the Mexican War for Independence was political instability: Mexico had trouble picking a leader, and many men fought for the presidency. As a result, there was a lot of conflict within the Mexican government.

Multiple Choice

Which effect of the Mexican Revolution is the quote above describing:

"[Texas] has advanced at an amazing rate toward ruin and destruction. Crops have been destroyed, animals have been [killed]"

• Republic

• Political Instability

• Economic Ruin

Multiple Choice

Most of the effects of the Mexican War for Independence actually caused more problems [NEGATIVE] EXCEPT

• Mexico becomes a REPUBLIC

• Mexico experiences POLITICAL INSTABILITY

• Mexico experiences ECONOMIC RUIN