Virus Structure

Virus Structure and It's Funcions

Before we start,
let's have some
ice breaking

Multiple Choice

At the beginning of the movie, who calls for a staff meeting with the toys?

• Mr. Potato Head

• Woody

• Rex

• Buzz

Multiple Choice

Which of the following toys did Andy select to take to college?

• Buzz

• Hamm

• Etch-A-Sketch

• Woody

Multiple Choice

Which of the following toys was Molly first seen putting in a box to be dropped off at the daycare center?

• Skipper Doll

• Cabbage Patch Kid

• Barbie Doll

• Teddy Bear

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the daycare where the toys ended up?

• Sunnyside

• Cuddly Care

• Rainbow Academy

• Building Blocks

Multiple Choice

When the toys got to the daycare, which of the following toys was the first to be excited about seeing a playground?

• Woody

• Jessie

• Bo Peep

• Buzz

Multiple Choice

Who was the toy leader at the daycare?

• Ken

• Barbie

• Suzie

• Lotso

Multiple Choice

Which of the following toys had his/her own dream house?

• Lotso

• Mrs. Potato Head

• Ken

• Little Green Men

Multiple Choice

On the first day at the daycare facility, which of the following toys complained about losing a part?

• Woody

• Jessie

• Lotso

• Rex

Multiple Choice

Who was the little girl who took Woody home?

• Alice

• Bonnie

• Suzie

• Michelle

Multiple Choice

Lotso got Buzz to join his side at one point. How?

• He Switched Him To Demo Mode

• He Pushed His Reset Button

• He Put In New Batteries

• He Doesn't Get Him To Join His Side

Multiple Choice

When Woody found out that the daycare was a bad place for toys, he decided to go back and rescue his friends. How did he get back?

• He Walked There

• He Took The Girl's Shoe

• He Had Andy Pick Him Up

• He Went Into The Girl's Backpack

Multiple Choice

In the security room, there was an animal toy that watched the televisions. What animal was that?

• Squirrel

• Owl

• Monkey

• Cat

Multiple Choice

When Andy's toys were trying to get Buzz back to normal, what did they accidentally do to him?

• They Turned Him Off

• They Put Him In Spanish Mode

• They Put Him In French Mode

• They Put Him In Italian Mode

Multiple Choice

While the toys were escaping inside, Mr. Potato Head had escaped from the box without his body. What type of food did the the toys give Mr. Potato Head to put his parts on?

• Tortilla

• Bread

• Pizza

• Sushi

Multiple Choice

After going down the garbage chute, Andy's toys met Lotso and his group. Which of the following toys from Andy's house stayed behind at the daycare?

• Lotso

• Barbie

• Buzz

• Ken

Multiple Choice

To help Buzz regain his memory, something fell on him. What item was that?

• A Toaster

• A Gaming Console

• A Picture Of Himself

• A Small Television

Multiple Choice

At the landfill, the toys ended up on a conveyor belt. But, Lotso did not save them, causing them to end up in the incinerator. But, something saved them. What was that?

• Nothing

• The Machine Breaking Down

• The Little Green Men Lifted Them Out Via Claw

• The Operator Stopping The Incinerator

Multiple Choice

To get back to Andy's house, the toys rode in what type of truck that stopped at his house?

• Dump

• Cargo

• Storage

• Garbage

Multiple Choice

At the end of the movie, what happened to Lotso?

• A Garbage Man Tied Him To The Front Of His Garbage Truck

• He Got Thrown Away

• He Got Put Back In His Toy Box

• He Got Incinerated In The Incinerator

Multiple Choice

At the end of the movie, what did Andy do with his toys?

• He Kept Them

• He Gave Them To Bonnie

• He Gave Them To His Neighbors

• He Threw Them A Party

Now, let's talk about Virus Structure and
It's Functions

Virus Structure

Viruses do, however, have a few key features in common. These include:

• A protective protein shell, or capsid

• A nucleic acid genome made of DNA or RNA, tucked inside of the capsid

• A layer of membrane called the envelope (some but not all viruses)

Virus Structure

​Virus capsids

The capsid, or protein shell, of a virus is made up of many protein molecules (not just one big, hollow one). The proteins join to make units called capsomers, which together make up the capsid. Capsid proteins are always encoded by the virus genome, meaning that it’s the virus (not the host cell) that provides instructions for making them.

Virus Structure

Capsids come in many forms, but they often take one of the following shapes (or a variation of these shapes):

1. Icosahedral – Icosahedral capsids have twenty faces, and are named after the twenty-sided shape called an icosahedron.

2. Filamentous – Filamentous capsids are named after their linear, thin, thread-like appearance. They may also be called rod-shaped or helical.

3. Head-tail –These capsids are kind of a hybrid between the filamentous and icosahedral shapes. They basically consist of an icosahedral head attached to a filamentous tail.

Virus Structure

Virus envelopes

In addition to the capsid, some viruses also have an external lipid membrane known as an envelope, which surrounds the entire capsid.

Viruses with envelopes do not provide instructions for the envelope lipids. Instead, they "borrow" a patch from the host membranes on their way out of the cell. Envelopes do, however, contain proteins that are specified by the virus, which often help viral particles bind to host cells.

Virus Structure

Virus genomes

All viruses have genetic material (a genome) made of nucleic acid. You, like all other cell-based life, use DNA as your genetic material. Viruses, on the other hand, may use either RNA or DNA, both of which are types of nucleic acid.

We often think of DNA as double-stranded and RNA as single-stranded, since that's typically the case in our own cells. However, viruses can have all possible combos of strandedness and nucleic acid type (double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA, or single-stranded RNA). Viral genomes also come in various shapes, sizes, and varieties, though they are generally much smaller than the genomes of cellular organisms.

Virus Structure

Plase watch this explanations:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H3DKxA0IxI


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUgEhfo_qxU

Quiz Time

Multiple Choice

Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because

• They are not cellular

• They cannot reproduce on their own

• They cannot make proteins

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What do viruses need to reproduce?

• they need genetic material
• They need a host cell
• They need  bacteria
• They need insulin

Multiple Choice

When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.

• outer coat
• genetic material
• core
• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What provides direct energy for the virus?

• food
• its host
• the sun
• a parasite

Multiple Choice

How could you describe the size of a virus?

• Smaller than bacteria
• Larger than a parasite
• About the size of a dime
• Smaller than a proton

Multiple Choice

How many parts does a virus have?

• One
• None
• too many to count
• 2

Multiple Choice

Bacteria are unicellular

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is found inside a prokaryote?

• cytoplasm
• DNA
• ribosomes
• all of these

Multiple Choice

What number is pointing to the flagella?

• 1
• 5
• 6
• 7

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes are the _________ of all the cells.

• most complext

• raddest

• prettiest

• simplest

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not under the Cell Theory?

• Cells are the basic unit of life

• All organisms are made up of cells

• Cells came from other cells

• A cell is an indestructible particle

Multiple Choice

PROKARYOTIC cells do NOT have

• membrane bound organelles

• cell membrane

• DNA

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

This cell is a(n)

• prokaryote

• eukaryote

Multiple Choice

If a cell contains a cell membrane, a cell wall, and ribosomes, what kind of cell could it be?

• either a eukaryotic or a prokaryotic cell
• a prokaryotic cell only
• an eukaryotic cell only
• neither a eukaryotic nor a prokaryotic cell

Multiple Choice

Which type of cells have DNA?

• Eukaryote

• Prokaryote

• Both

Multiple Choice

What is the function of ATP in living things?

• provides energy for cells
• stores genetic information
• provides structure in the nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ADP molecule?

• A and B
• A, B and C
• A, B, C, and D
• C and D

Multiple Choice

What are the parts of the ATP molecule?

• adenine, thylakoids, stroma
• stroma, grana, chlorophyll
• adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
• NADH, NAHPH, FADH

Multiple Choice

He stated that new cells came from pre-existing cells.

• Robert Hooke

• Matthias Schleiden

• Rudolf Virchow

• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes contain ____ in their cell walls.

• murein

• protein

It's a wrap