Cold War and Cuban Missile Crisis

Today we'll learn about the closest the US & USSR came to nuclear WWIII in the Cuban Missile Crisis.

This week's schedule is B-A-A-B

Open Ended

What was the BEST part of your long weekend?

US History STAAR

• OPTIONAL STAAR tutoring started today & continues Monday through Saturday in April

• Each week we'll review 1 topic, you can pick any day/time/teacher that you like

• Saturday sessions are 10 am to 12 pm

• the US History STAAR tests is the 2nd week of May

By the end of this lesson today, you should be able to...

describe JFK's response to the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War. (US.8A)

Multiple Choice

What was the period from 1945 to 1991 where tension escalated between the Soviet Union and the United States called?

• World War I

• the Spanish-American War

• Cold War

• World War II

Multiple Choice

The Cold War was an ideological battle for influence between

• capitalism and communism.

• Socialism and Populism.

• the Allies and the Soviet Union.

• Germany and the Allies.

Cold War Review

• after WWII, the Truman Doctrine gave countries tanks & other military equipment needed to resist communism

• the Marshall Plan gave money to European nations to rebuild infrastructure

• 4 Allied Powers shared control of Germany & the capital city of Berlin

• 1st event of the Cold War was the Soviet blockade of Berlin in 1948

• US avoided starting WWIII by airlifting food & supplies into the city until the Soviets lifted the blockade

Starting in 1948, the US & USSR begin an arms race to build and stockpile as many nuclear weapons as possible.

Multiple Choice

McCarthyism is also known as

• The Polio Epidemic

• The Red Scare

• The Baby Boomer Generation

Senator McCarthy & the House Un-American Activities Committee

investigated & arrested suspected communists in the US causing paranoia.

From 1776 until the Cold War, America's unofficial motto was

"e pluribus unum" which means: out of many, one.

E Pluribus Unum referenced the unity of the many US states & people.

In 1956, during the Cold War, America officially adopted the motto

"In God We Trust" to distinguish itself from the atheist Soviet Union & other communist countries.

Multiple Choice

What was the most significant result of the 1957 launch of Sputnik?

• US military troops were deployed to Korea.

• The United States ended its involvement in the Vietnam War.

• A space race between the United States and the Soviet Union began.

• The US government implemented the Marshall Plan.

During the Space Race, NASA is created & the US government increases funding for science + math education.

US Presidential Election of 1960

• WWII General Dwight D Eisenhower had served as President for 8 years through McCarthyism

• in 1960, a 43 year old Massachusetts Senator named John F Kennedy became the Democratic candidate for President

• JFK ran against current Vice President Richard Nixon, a Republican

• 1st ever televised debate between Presidential candidates, 70 million Americans watched

• despite being younger & less experienced in foreign policy, JFK had been coached & spoke + looked better on camera

Multiple Choice

In October of 1960, candidate JFK pressured an Atlanta judge to release a key civil rights leader along with 33 others who'd participated in a sit-in. Who was that Civil Rights Leader?

• Stokely Carmichael

• Rosa Parks

• Jackie Robinson

• Martin Luther King Jr.

"That night, image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics."

The televised debate plus JFK's support for the Civil Rights Movement won him the Presidency in 1960.

Crisis in Cuba

• 2 weeks before JFK was sworn in, the US cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba because of revolutionary leader Fidel Castro

• Fidel Castro led the overthrow of Cuban Dictator Bautista in 1959

• the US was suspicious, but accepted Castro UNTIL Castro began seizing American sugar plantations

• Castro turned to the Soviet Union for aid

• some Cuban exiles fled Castro's regime & immigrated to Florida, only 90 miles away

Bay of Pigs:

US Attempts to Overthrow Castro

• before leaving office, President Eisenhower approved a US invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro

• JFK gave the green light to the operation

• on April 17, 1961, 1,400 Cuban exiles supported by the US military landed in the Bay of Pigs

• every part of the invasion went wrong

• attempted overthrow failed & Castro celebrated "defeating America"

Failed Bay of Pigs invasion blew up in JFK's face.

The event pushed Cuba to look to the Soviet Union for more aid and defense.

In the summer of 1962,

the CIA spotted nuclear missile bases in Cuba that could launch nuclear bombs and hit every major US city in minutes.

As you listen to the video...

• How did JFK respond to the news of Soviet missile sites being set up in Cuba?

• Why didn't JFK order airstrikes to destroy Soviet missile sites in Cuba?

• Why did the Soviets even want to put nuclear missiles in Cuba?

Multiple Choice

How did JFK respond to the news that the Soviets had placed nuclear weapon installations in Cuba?

• Asking the United Nations to approve economic sanctions for Cuba

• Blockading ships from entering or exiting Cuba

• Closing the US border

• Asking Congress to declare war on Cuba

Open Ended

Why did Kennedy order a naval blockade of Cuba rather than launch an airstrike targeting Cuba like his advisors recommended?

Multiple Choice

Why did the USSR want to put missiles on Cuba?

• To have more missiles because they couldn't match the nuclear power of the US

• To counter the Warsaw Pact countries that were overthrowing communism

• To counter the US missiles in Italy and Turkey

• To counter the power of NATO

Diplomacy Prevents Nuclear World War

• Diplomats from the US & USSR met in secret to negotiate an agreement that would avoid nuclear world war

• USSR removed missiles from Cuba in exchange for the US removing missiles from Italy & Turkey

• US promised not to invade Cuba

• JFK & Nikita Khrushchev were criticized by their people, BUT today historians think that their willingness to engage in diplomacy saved the world

After class today,

• complete ANY missing work in Google Classroom

• end of the 3rd 9 Weeks is this Friday

• assignments #5 & #18 have the biggest impact on your grade

• follow the link in the chat to join the STAAR tutoring Google Classroom

Multiple Choice

Which assignment on Google Classroom under Classwork should you complete 1st (if u haven't already)?

• #5: WWII Movie Analysis

• #18: Amend, Ep 3 Viewing Questions

• the shortest assignment

Multiple Choice

What is the fastest way to see your grades on the US History assignments for the 3rd 9 Weeks?

• Open the grade document Ms. Hodge posted on Google Classroom

• Go to PowerSchool

• Click on View My Work in Google Classroom