DNA Structure, Function and Cell Cycle

​Structure and Function of DNA

​Stored in the nucleus

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​Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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Is composed of repeating nucleotides​

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​DNA

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​Almacenado en el núcleo

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Ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN)

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Está compuesto por nucleótidos repetidos.

Multiple Choice

What does DNA stand for?

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Denitrogenous acid
• Deribonucleic acid
• Diribonucleic acid

​Nucleotide

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Multiple Select

What are the three components of a nucleotide? Choose all that are correct.

• Protein

• Phosphate

• Deoxyribose (sugar)

• Nitrogen base

​Phosphate and Sugar form the backbone

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​El fosfato y el azúcar forman la columna vertebral

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​Nucleotide

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Multiple Select

These for the backbone of DNA? Choose all that are correct.

• Deoxyribose (sugar)

• Phosphate

• Protein

• Nitrogen Base

​4 Nitrogen Bases

​Adenine and Thymine

Cytosine and Guanine

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Nitrogen bases create the unique genetic code ​

​DNA Nucleotide

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​4 bases nitrogenadas

adenina y timina

Citosina y Guanina

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Las bases nitrogenadas crean el código genético único

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Multiple Choice

Which is not a nitrogen base of DNA?

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Uracil

​Base pairing

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)​

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Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)​

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​DNA Nucleotides

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​emparejamiento de bases

Adenina (A) se empareja con Timina (T)

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La citosina (C) se empareja con la guanina (G)

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Multiple Choice

Adenine bonds with ______________.

• Guanine
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Adenine

Multiple Choice

Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?

• C-A, T-G
• A-G, C-T
• C-G, U-A
• T-A, G-C

​The order of the nitrogen pairs are the blueprints for proteins

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​DNA Nucleotides

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​​El orden de los pares de nitrógeno son los planos de las proteínas.

Multiple Choice

Why is the composition of nitrogen bases and DNA important ?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits (proteins) of all living things

• because we eat it every day for energy

​Provide

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• structure ​

• ​function

• regulates​ metabolic function

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​Proteins

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​proporcionar

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• estructura

• función

• regula la función metabólica

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​Double helix (double stranded)

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The nucleotides are charged resulting in forming hydrogen bonds

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​Doble hélice (doble cadena)

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Los nucleótidos se cargan dando como resultado la formación de enlaces de hidrógeno.​

​DNA Structure

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Multiple Choice

The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?

• A DNA molecule
• A lipid molecule
• A carbohydrate molecule
• A protein molecule

​Chromatin

​uncoiled DNA in the non-dividing cell​

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Chromosomes

densely coiled duplicated chromatin during Mitosis ​

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​Forms of DNA

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​cromatina

ADN desenrollado en la célula que no se divide

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cromosomas

cromatina densamente enrollada durante la mitosis

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Multiple Choice

Which form of DNA is UNCOILED?

• Chromatid

• Chromatil

• Chromatic

• Chomatin

Multiple Choice

Place the following terms from the least to most condensed(compact) version of genetic material.

• DNA->Chromosome->Chromatin
• Chromosome->Chromatin->DNA
• Chromosome->DNA->Chromatin
• DNA->Chromatin->Chromosome

​Chromatid

​One copy of duplicated condensed DNA ​held together by the centromere

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Cromatida

Una copia de ADN condensado duplicado mantenido unido por el centrómero

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​Parts of a Chromosome

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Multiple Choice

Each identical side of a chromosome is the 

• centromere
• chromatin
• centriole
• chromatid

Multiple Choice

In the picture, Q is pointing to the center of the image. What is Q?

• centriole

• chromatid

• chromatin

• centromere

​Chargaff's rule

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bases are paired 1:1 ratios

for every Adenine there is a Thymine

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and for every Cytosine there is a Guanine ​

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this is due to the base pair rule​

​DNA Structure

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​regla de Chargaff

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las bases están emparejadas en proporciones de 1:1

por cada Adenina hay una Timina

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y por cada Citosina hay una Guanina

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esto se debe a la regla del par de bases

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Multiple Choice

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

• cytosine
• guanine
• thymine
• uracil

​DNA Replication

​DNA is untangled by

​topoisomerase enzyme

​DNA Replication

Initiation​

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El ADN es desenredado por enzima topoisomerasa

Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes remove supercoiling in replicating DNA ahead of the replication fork?

• DNA polymerases

• Helicases

• Primases

• Topoisomerases

​DNA is doubled stranded

​it needs to be "unzipped​"

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DNA Helicase ​ an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases

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​DNA Replication

Initiation​

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​El ADN es de doble cadena

necesita ser "descomprimido"

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ADN helicasa una enzima que rompe los enlaces de hidrógeno entre las bases de nitrógeno

Multiple Choice

This enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during DNA replication?

• hydrogenase

• helicase

• polymerase

• peptidase

​New nucleotides (bases) pair up by attaching to complimentary (matching)

bases (A-T, C-G).

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​DNA Replication Elongation

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​Los nuevos nucleótidos (bases) se emparejan por

adjunto a complementario (coincidencia)

bases (A-T, C-G).

Multiple Choice

You are given the DNA strand 5'ATGCTCAGCTGA3'. What is the corresponding DNA strand?

• 5'UACGAGUCGACU3'

• 5'TACGAGTCGACT3'

• 3'UACGAGUCGACU5'

• 3'TACGAGTCGACT5'

​An enzyme called DNA Polymerase joins the nucleotides together.

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Two new double helices have replaced the original helix.

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​DNA Replication Termination

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​Una enzima llamada ADN polimerasa une los nucleótidos.

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dos nuevos dobles hélices han reemplazado al original

hélice.

Multiple Choice

Which is the role of DNA polymerase?

• Unwinds the original DNA strand

• Lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

• Builds new strands by bringing in new nucleotide bases.

• Remove Okazaki fragments for new nucleotides.

​The process of DNA replication is called semi-conservative replication because each new double helix contains one old strand and one new strand.​

​DNA Replication

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​El proceso de replicación del ADN se llama replicación semiconservadora porque cada

la nueva doble hélice contiene una hebra antigua y una hebra nueva.

Multiple Choice

When DNA is replicated, the result is

• 1 old double helix and 1 new

• 2 double helixes. Each with 1 old and 1 new strand

• 1 double helix

• 2 new double helixes

​Complete the Assignment Posted