Formation of an Ion

Ions

What are Ions?

• An ion is an atom with a charge

• An ion can be either positively or negatively charged

• Ions are formed when atoms either gain or lose electrons

• All ions have a full valence shell (outershell) of electrons.

Why do Ions Form?

• Atoms are most stable when their valence shells are completely filled.

• To have a full valence shell an atom can either lose or gain electrons.

• When atoms gain or lose electrons, they are no longer neutral.

• Protons = Electrons

• Charge is neutral

• Less stable than an ion

​​Atoms

• ​Protons ≠ electrons

• Charge is either positive or negative

• More stable than an atom

• Has a full valence shell

Ions

Drag and Drop

Ions are ​

Placeholder

stable than atoms. This is because their valence shells are ​

Placeholder

with electrons. An ion ​

Placeholder

the same number of protons as ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

more

completely filled

does not have

electrons

less

completely empty

has

neutrons

Categorize

Options (4)

Organise the following Bohr Models into the correct category.

Atom

Ion

Positively Charged Ions

• Positive ions are known as cations.

• Cations are formed when an atom loses its valence electrons to another atom.

• Cations have more protons than electrons.

• Elements in groups 1-3 form cations.

​Atom

​Cation

Negatively Charged Ions

• Negative ions are known as anions.

• Anions are formed when one atom gains valence electrons from another atom.

• Anions have more electrons than protons.

• Elements in groups 5-7 form anions.

​Atom

​Anion

Match

Match the following

Oxygen Atom

Oxygen Anion

Boron Atom

Boron Cation

• Oxygen Atom

• Oxygen Anion

• Boron Atom

• Boron Cation

Drag and Drop

An atom has 4 protons and 4 electrons. When it becomes an ion it will ​​

Placeholder

2 electrons and become​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

positively charged

lose

gain

negatively charged

Draw

Draw in the electrons for an ion of beryllium. Remember:

Elements in groups 1-3 lose electrons.

Elements in groups 5-7 gain electrons.

• Sodium is in group 1, so it loses valence electrons.

• Chlorine is in group 7, so it gains valence electrons.

• The sodium 'donates' its electron to chlorine so they both have full valence shells.

• The cation and anion formed are attracted to each other because they have opposite charges. This is known as ionic bonding.

​Formation of Ions

Group 8 Elements

• All the elements in group 8 already have a full outer shell of electrons.

• This means they don't have to gain or lose electrons like the rest of the elements on the Periodic Table.

• Elements in group 8 don't form ions.

Drag and Drop

Elements in group ​

Placeholder

all have ​

Placeholder

valence shells. This means that they do not ​

Placeholder

electrons and do not form ​

Placeholder

.​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

8

full

gain or lose

ions

7

empty

atoms

create