Heat Transfer and Atmosphere

Climate/Heat Transfer

By Katie Heter

Open Ended

Atmosphere mixture of mostly invisible gases that surrounds Earth.

What are three ways the atmosphere protects life on Earth?

​Geosphere the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth. It extends from the center of Earth to the surface of Earth.

Hydrosphere the part of Earth that is liquid water.

Biosphere all living things on Earth.

Cryosphere all the frozen water on Earth.

Multiple Choice

Animals

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Air

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Ice

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Plants

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Water

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Rocks

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Insects

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Lava

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Snow

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Select

Which two systems interact in the following scenarios?

Tornado touching down.

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Select

Which two systems interact in the following scenarios?

Rain forming.

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Select

Which two systems interact in the following scenarios?

Beavers building a dam.

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Cryosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Does the picture represent radiation, conduction or convection?

Boys feet burning on hot sand.

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Convection

Multiple Choice

The high temperature today was 93 degrees Fahrenheit.

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

Why are clouds able to keep Earth’s surface cooler in the day and warmer at night?

• Clouds reflect incoming solar radiation and transmit outgoing heat

• Clouds reflect incoming solar radiation and absorb outgoing heat

• Clouds absorb incoming solar radiation and transmit outgoing heat

• Clouds absorb incoming solar radiation and absorb outgoing heat

Multiple Choice

The month of December is generally very cold and snowy

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

The Gulf Stream flows along the equator before turning north along Florida’s east coast. How does the Gulf Stream impact Florida’s climate?

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida hot and dry

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida cool and dry

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida hot and moist

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida cool and moist

Multiple Choice

Houston has very humid conditions during the summer month.

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

If solar radiation is transmitted through the atmosphere, what will happen when it contacts the geosphere?

• Most of the energy will be absorbed by the geosphere and changed into heat

• All of the energy will be absorbed by the geosphere and changed into heat

• Most of the energy will be reflected back into space.

• All of the energy will be reflected back into space

Multiple Choice

Two cities are located at the same latitude but on the east and west coasts of the United States. Which will have warmer ocean water?

• The city on the east coast will have warmer water

• The city on the west coast will have warmer water

• The water temperatures will be about the same for both cities

Multiple Choice

It is supposed to rain for the next 3 days.

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

On average, the height of hurricane season is Labor Day weekend. Can we expect a hurricane on Labor Day weekend this year?

• Yes, because the past is a great predictor of the future

• No, because hurricane occurrence varies from year to year

• Maybe. Based on climate there is a high likelihood of a hurricane, but actual weather events may differ from climate

Multiple Choice

It was extremely windy outside today at the game.

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

On some small islands in the Pacific Ocean, the average sea level is rising on the beaches little by little each year. Residents of the islands are worried that their island, and their homes, may become flooded in a few years. What is the most likely cause for the water level increases?

• They are getting more rain in their area

• The tides are more dramatic because of the number of full moons they have experienced

• Ice from the North and South poles is melting and adding to the water in the ocean

• The waves are bigger because of increased winds

Multiple Choice

Part of the Sahara Desert receive less than 2 cm of rain per year.

• weather

• climate

Multiple Choice

Hurricanes are large storms that form over warm waters out in the ocean. Hurricanes are associated with low-pressure regions in the atmosphere. How does the low pressure associated with a hurricane help them to grow big and powerful?

• Air in the atmosphere tends to move toward low-pressure regions, which would increase the winds surrounding a hurricane

• Low-pressure regions push away other air in the atmosphere, which would make the hurricane bigger

• Low-pressure air heats up the water and therefore makes the hurricane stronger

• Low-pressure conditions means slow winds, which makes the hurricane stronger

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between climate and weather?

• Climate averages the weather conditions in a specific place over a long period of time, while weather describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific moment in time.

• Weather averages the weather conditions in a specific place over a long period of time, while Climate describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific moment in time.

• Climate describes the weather conditions at night, while weather describes the conditions during the daytime.

• There is not a difference between climate and weather.

Multiple Choice

Based on the northern location of England on the map, it appears that it would have a cold, harsh climate. In reality, England has a mild climate because of the warm Gulf Stream current in the Atlantic Ocean. How does the Gulf Stream current help keep England's climate mild?

• The warm water of the Gulf Stream warms the land of England where they meet

• The warm Gulf Stream waters heat the air over the ocean, which then moves over England

• The warm Gulf Stream waters make the air very humid, which results in a milder climate in England

• The warm Gulf Stream waters attract the cold air from England, thus keeping England mild

Multiple Choice

The atmosphere surrounding Earth helps to maintain the various climates found around the world and keeps Earth from becoming extremely cold all over. How does the atmosphere help to keep Earth insulated and warm?

• The atmosphere creates heat as Earth moves through space, helping to insulate Earth

• The atmosphere traps the heat generated by Earth's core and helps maintain Earth's climate

• The atmosphere helps spread the warmth from the water near the equator to other parts of Earth

• The atmosphere helps trap heat energy from the Sun and energy radiated from Earth to maintain the climate

Multiple Choice

Convection currents in the atmosphere influence many weather patterns. What property of the air has the most influence on convection currents?

• the direction of the wind

• the velocity of the wind

• the temperature of the air

• the mass of the air

Multiple Choice

Which climatic factor is show in the picture below?

• Elevation or Altitude

• Latitude

• Ocean Current

• Global Winds

• Proximity to Water

Multiple Choice

When nitrogen is returned to the soil when dead plants decompose, the interaction is between which two spheres?

• Hydrosphere and geosphere

• Cryosphere and geosphere

• Biosphere and Geosphere

• Biosphere and atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Which climatic factor is show in the picture below?

• Elevation or Altitude

• Latitude

• Ocean Current

• Global Winds

• Proximity to Water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements refers to weather?

• “It rains a lot in the Spring in my city.”

• “It’s very hot and sunny today. Let’s go to the beach.”

• “There are many people who don’t believe there is a hole in the ozone layer’

• “We are going south to Florida in January because it will be warmer.”

Multiple Choice

Which climatic factor is show in the picture below?

• Elevation or Altitude

• Latitude

• Ocean Current

• Global Winds

• Proximity to Water

Multiple Choice

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, in and above the Earth. Which of the following describes evaporation in the water cycle?

• Water vapor meets cold air and changes back into a liquid

• Plants take in water from the soil

• Water gains energy and changes from liquid water to water vapor

• Water freezes

Multiple Choice

Which BEST describes why latitudes closest to the equator have warmer climates?

• they are at lower elevations

• they receive sunlight from a more direct angle

• they are nearer to ocean currents

• they get more winds that carry energy in the form of heat

Multiple Choice

Hurricanes from in tropical water between 8 and 20 degrees north and south of the equator. Hurricanes rarely form a higher latitudes because the water is too

• warm

• deep

• shallow

• cold

Multiple Choice

What effect does a large body of water usually have on a nearby landmass?

• The water causes cooler summers and colder winters.

• The water causes cooler summers and warmer winters.

• The water causes hotter summers and warmer winters.

• The water causes warmer summers and colder winters.

Multiple Choice

Which city will have an average cooler temperature?

• Chapel Hill

• Havana

Multiple Choice

What factor is influencing the temperature of these two cities?

• Latitude

• Elevation

• Distance from Water

• Ocean Currents

Multiple Choice

Which city will have warmer average temperatures?

• Denver

• Cheyenne

Multiple Choice

When temperatures rise for 3 months we call it ...

• el Nino

• la Nina

Multiple Choice

When temperatures decrease for 3 months at time it is called

• El Nino

• La Nina

Multiple Choice

A student models convection currents in a laboratory activity.

How are the convection currents in the student’s model different from the convection currents in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans?

• The warm air in Earth’s atmosphere and the warm water in Earth’s oceans sink instead of rise

• The heat source for Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is the Sun, which heats from above instead of below

• Convection cells in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans flow in the same direction instead of opposite directions

• Cold air in Earth’s atmosphere and cold water in Earth’s oceans are less dense than water air and warm water instead of being denser

Multiple Choice

Where are most (99%) of the Sun’s most harmful ultraviolet radiation frequencies absorbed and reflected?

• In the greenhouse gases

• In the Northern Lights

• In the ozone layer

• In the Water Cycle

Multiple Choice

The Gulf Stream flows along the equator before turning north along Florida’s east coast. How does the Gulf Stream impact Florida’s climate?

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida hot and dry

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida cool and dry

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida hot and moist

• The Gulf Stream makes Florida cool and moist

Multiple Choice

Two cities are located at the same latitude but on the east and west coasts of the United States. Which will have warmer ocean water?

• The city on the east coast will have warmer water

• The city on the west coast will have warmer water

• The water temperatures will be about the same for both cities

Multiple Choice

On average, the height of hurricane season is Labor Day weekend. Can we expect a hurricane on Labor Day weekend this year?

• Yes, because the past is a great predictor of the future

• No, because hurricane occurrence varies from year to year

• Maybe. Based on climate there is a high likelihood of a hurricane, but actual weather events may differ from climate

Multiple Choice

On some small islands in the Pacific Ocean, the average sea level is rising on the beaches little by little each year. Residents of the islands are worried that their island, and their homes, may become flooded in a few years. What is the most likely cause for the water level increases?

• They are getting more rain in their area

• The tides are more dramatic because of the number of full moons they have experienced

• Ice from the North and South poles is melting and adding to the water in the ocean

• The waves are bigger because of increased winds

Multiple Choice

Hurricanes are large storms that form over warm waters out in the ocean. Hurricanes are associated with low-pressure regions in the atmosphere. How does the low pressure associated with a hurricane help them to grow big and powerful?

• Air in the atmosphere tends to move toward low-pressure regions, which would increase the winds surrounding a hurricane

• Low-pressure regions push away other air in the atmosphere, which would make the hurricane bigger

• Low-pressure air heats up the water and therefore makes the hurricane stronger

• Low-pressure conditions means slow winds, which makes the hurricane stronger

Multiple Choice

Based on the northern location of England on the map, it appears that it would have a cold, harsh climate. In reality, England has a mild climate because of the warm Gulf Stream current in the Atlantic Ocean. How does the Gulf Stream current help keep England's climate mild?

• The warm water of the Gulf Stream warms the land of England where they meet

• The warm Gulf Stream waters heat the air over the ocean, which then moves over England

• The warm Gulf Stream waters make the air very humid, which results in a milder climate in England

• The warm Gulf Stream waters attract the cold air from England, thus keeping England mild

Multiple Choice

The atmosphere surrounding Earth helps to maintain the various climates found around the world and keeps Earth from becoming extremely cold all over. How does the atmosphere help to keep Earth insulated and warm?

• The atmosphere creates heat as Earth moves through space, helping to insulate Earth

• The atmosphere traps the heat generated by Earth's core and helps maintain Earth's climate

• The atmosphere helps spread the warmth from the water near the equator to other parts of Earth

• The atmosphere helps trap heat energy from the Sun and energy radiated from Earth to maintain the climate

Multiple Choice

Convection currents in the atmosphere influence many weather patterns. What property of the air has the most influence on convection currents?

• the direction of the wind

• the velocity of the wind

• the temperature of the air

• the mass of the air

Multiple Choice

When nitrogen is returned to the soil when dead plants decompose, the interaction is between which two spheres?

• Hydrosphere and geosphere

• Cryosphere and geosphere

• Biosphere and Geosphere

• Biosphere and atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements refers to weather?

• “It rains a lot in the Spring in my city.”

• “It’s very hot and sunny today. Let’s go to the beach.”

• “There are many people who don’t believe there is a hole in the ozone layer’

• “We are going south to Florida in January because it will be warmer.”

Multiple Choice

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, in and above the Earth. Which of the following describes evaporation in the water cycle?

• Water vapor meets cold air and changes back into a liquid

• Plants take in water from the soil

• Water gains energy and changes from liquid water to water vapor

• Water freezes

Multiple Choice

Hurricanes from in tropical water between 8 and 20 degrees north and south of the equator. Hurricanes rarely form a higher latitudes because the water is too

• warm

• deep

• shallow

• cold