The Cold War Heats Up

Multiple Choice

What was formed as a result of the National Security Act?

• the FBI

• the CIA

• the Coast Guard

• the War Department

Multiple Choice

What is NATO?

• a defensive military alliance of western nations

• a pact among nations that oppose nuclear weapons

• a subcommittee that is part of the United Nations

• a group of countries that want to trade with each other

Multiple Choice

The main danger for a country in financial ruin is that the government is more susceptible to______. This could set the stage for a Communist form of government to take control.

• low GDP

• foreign

• political instability

• high inflation rates

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2

The Cold War Heats Up
LESSON
2
China Becomes a Communist Country

■Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek

■1937, two sides unite to oppose Japanese invasion

China Under Chiang

■U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is inefficient, corrupt

■Communists, led by Mao Zedong, work to get peasant support

■Peasants flock to Red Army; by 1945, communists control northern China

Renewed Civil War

■Following WWII, Chinese civil war erupts once again

■U.S. supports nationalists who oppose communism

■1944–47, U.S. sends money and military equipment to aid Nationalists

■Aid not enough to overcome weak leadership and corrupt government

■1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan, set up Republic of China

■Communists establish People’s Republic of China in mainland, not recognized by U.S.

Continued…

Multiple Choice

By 1945 much of northern China was under Communist control. The main reason for this is that ________ and his Communists treated the people better than the Nationalists did. The Communists encouraged people to learn how to read. They also helped farmers learn how to increase their food production.

• Kim Il Sung

• Mao Zedong

• Joseph Stalin

• Chiang Kai Shek

Lesson 2

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3

China Becomes a Communist Country (continued)

America Reacts to the Communist Takeover

■U.S. public stunned by Communist takeover of China

■Republicans and Democrats in Congress blame Truman for not sending enough aid

■Truman administration blames weak leadership of Chiang

–wanted to avoid a war in Asia

■Conservatives reject excuses, claim U.S. government full of Communist agents

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4

The Cold War Heats Up
LESSON
2
The Korean War

■38th parallel (38º N latitude) divides Japanese surrender in Korea

■North of 38th parallel surrenders to U.S.S.R.; south to U.S.

Two Nations

■1948, Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea founded

–Seoul, capitol of South Korea; Pyongyang capitol of North Korea

–leaders want to reunite, but disagree about government

North Korea Attacks South Korea

■1950, North Korea invades South, begins Korean War

■South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion; Security Council approves

–USSR absent over issue of Taiwan

–Congress never declares war, U.S. involved as part of UN “police action”

■MacArthur put in command of South Korean, U.S., UN forces

Multiple Choice

How were Germany and Korea similar to each other after World War II?

• They both were blockaded by the Soviet Union.

• They both were part democratic and part Communist.

• They both received little economic aid from other countries.

• They both were required to pay reparations to the Allied countries.

Lesson 2

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6

The United States Fights in Korea (continued)

MacArthur Recommends Attacking China

■MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request

■Soviet Union, China have mutual-assistance pact; could set off WWIII

■UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to 38th parallel

MacArthur Versus Truman

■MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China; Truman fires him

■Public outraged over hero’s dismissal

■Congressional committee investigation concludes Truman right

Conflict Ends in Stalemate

■1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire

■1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized zone established

■Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower

■U.S. begins to station more troops in Asia to deter spread of communism

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5

The Cold War Heats Up
LESSON
2
The United States Fights in Korea

■North Korea drives south, captures Seoul

■UN, South Korean troops forced into small defensive zone

MacArthur’s Counterattack

■1950, MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides, pushes into north

–about half of North Korean troops surrender

–the rest escape over 38th parallel; UN forces pursue to Yalu River, Chinese border

The Chinese Fight Back

■China warns UN forces to stay away from Yalu River, Chinese border

■1950, China sends troops to help North Korea; push south, capture Seoul

■Fighting continues for 2 more years

Continued…

Open Ended

Based on these two quotations, how do you think MacArthur felt about Truman's approach to the Korean Conflict?

FOR FULL CREDIT Use quotations from the passage.