Movements in Space

Earth’s Movement
In Space.

Mr. Ramos

Poll

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• Not so good...

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  Bored

Lesson 2 Vocabulary

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Axis- An imaginary line that goes through a planet, from north to south.

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Rotation- Spinning motion along a vertical axis

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Revolution- Movement of one object around another.

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Orbit- The path a planet takes around the Sun

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Solstice- One of the 2 days of the year where the Sun is closest or farthest from the equator.

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Equinox- One of the 2 days of the year where neither pole is tilted away from the Sun.

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Gravity- The attractive force between objects.

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Law of Universal Gravitation- Every object in the universe attracts each other.

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Inertia- The tendency of an object to resist change.

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Hypothesis- Evidence-based idea made through experimentation and observation.

How the Earth Moves

Earth’s Axis

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Earth spins, or rotates, along an invisible axis

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The axis is not straight.

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Earth rotates from East to West

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Objects in the sky will appear moving in the opposite direction

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The Earth completes a rotation every 24 hours.

Revolution

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Revolution is the movement of an object around another.

➢

Each planet revolves around the Sun

■This is an orbit

Seasons (Revisited)

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Remember: the Solar System is not a circle, but an Ellipse

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With the Ellipse, Earth’s equator may be close or far away from the Sun.

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When Earth is closest to the Sun, we have Summer.

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When Earth is at its farthest, we have Winter.

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Each complete revolution is a single year on Earth.

Open Ended

What changes do we see as a result of

Earth’s rotation?

Lesson 2 Vocabulary

❖

Axis- An imaginary line that goes through a planet, from north to south.

❖

Rotation- Spinning motion along a vertical axis

❖

Revolution- Movement of one object around another.

❖

Orbit- The path a planet takes around the Sun

❖

Solstice- One of the 2 days of the year where the Sun is closest or farthest from the equator.

❖

Equinox- One of the 2 days of the year where neither pole is tilted away from the Sun.

❖

Gravity- The attractive force between objects.

❖

Law of Universal Gravitation- Every object in the universe attracts each other.

❖

Inertia- The tendency of an object to resist change.

❖

Hypothesis- Evidence-based idea made through experimentation and observation.

Solstice and Equinox

• Solstices happen when Earth's northern or southern tilt is strongest towards the Sun

• Equinoxes happen when Earth is equally tilted, north and south, towards the Sun

• Solstices and equinoxes occur at opposite times of the year between the North and South Hemisphere.

Solstice and Equinox Part 2

• Both solstices and equinoxes dictate the amount of sunlight in a day.

• Solstices may have unequal amounts of sunlight.

• Equinoxes tend to have around 12 hours of sunlight every day!

​Gravity & Orbits

• ​In the 1600's, Issac Newton was curious about the Earth and the moon.

• Newton hypothesized that gravity pulls the Moon towards the Earth.

• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every object attracts another.

• The pull is dependent on an object's mass and distance from another.
  

Orbit

Orbit is the path an object takes around another.

• Orbit around an object is created through Inertia.

• Inertia is an object's ability to resist a change in motion.

• More inertia = A greater resistance against change.

• Because an object in space is constantly moving, with gravity pulling them towards larger objects; an orbit is created.

Multiple Choice

The movement of one object around another is

called an axis.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Earth only moves by rotating on its axis.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The North Pole does not point in different 

directions as the Earth revolves around the sun.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

During the solstice, day and night are each about

12 hours long everywhere.

• True

• False

Open Ended

What factors affect the strength of the pull of gravity on two (2) objects? (Pages 510-511)