DAY 2 - 2.2 Cardiovascular System Pt. 3 (6th & 8th pd)

Categorize

Options (7)

measure the pressure of blood in the arteries

pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxaton

pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction

the top / higher number in a blood pressure reading

the bottom / lower number in a blood pressure reading

normal value at rest is 120 mmHg

normal value at rest is 80 mmHg

Distinguish between systolic & diasolic blood pressure

Systolic

Diastolic

Both

Categorize

Options (2)

Increases

Stays relatively constant

How does blood pressure respond during a warm-up (dynamic)?

Systolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

​Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance 

Recall: 

Cardiac output - how much blood is ejected from the ventricles in milliliters per minute (how much blood is going out to supply the lungs AND body)

• Output increases during all exercise to deliver more oxygen to the muscles.

  • The type of exercise & the intensity of the exercise determine how much output increases. 

    • higher during dynamic exercise

Peripheral resistance - is the resistance to blood flow caused by the friction of blood against the walls of the blood vessels 

• Affected by vasodilation and the muscular pump mechanism 

  • Vasodilation - expanding blood vessels increases blood flow to the working muscles by reducing peripheral resistance

  • Muscular pump - repeating contracting & relaxing of muscles helps push blood through surrounding blood vessels (pump inhibited during static exercise)

Drag and Drop

Blood pressure = ​

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x​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

cardiac output

peripheral resistance

heart rate

systolic pressure

diastolic pressure

Peripheral resistance is LOWERED by 2 things:

1. Vascular shunting / re-distribution of blood - when blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), leading to easier blood flow and reduced resistance.

2. muscular pump - during dynamic exercise where rhythmic contractions of muscles help enhance venous return by squeezing blood back towards the heart

- bigger effect on diastolic pressure because it is an overall improvement in blood flow to & from the muscles

increases due to increased oxygen demand in the muscles

- bigger effect on systolic pressure because it is when the heart contracts

different exercises (static vs dynamic) have different effects on output & resistance

Blood Pressure = cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Cardiac Output

Peripheral Resistance

Categorize

Options (9)

muscular pump inhibited (less venous return / more peripheral resistance)

increases as cardiac output increases at start of exercise until O2 demands are met

muscular pump increases venous return to the heart

vasodilation & muscular pump both reduce peripheral resistance to maintain diastolic pressure

increased peripheral resistance due to constant pressure on vessels

systolic pressure increases ALOT

diastolic pressure increases significantly

systolic pressure increases

diastolic pressure stays pretty constant

Sort the answers to explain the blood pressure changes during static & dynamic exercise

Static

Dynamic

​

Explain how running versus static exercise (such as holding a plank position) affect systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. [4]

​With your group using 1 whiteboard, construct a 3 mark response to this question. 

The person with the most pets will start by writing the 1st mark, then passing the board to their right. Each person must attempt to gain 1 mark on each turn & can not repeat the information already written by another group member. 

If someone gets stuck, coach them through it with hints / reminders. DO NOT tell them word for word what to write. When you receive the board, check the answers already written. If you need to correct an answer, do so. This counts as your turn. Then pass it. Keep passing the board until your group feels confident you have all 4 marks.

​On your whiteboard, identify which marks your group got credit for.  

Categorize

Options (3)

BOTH systolic and diastolic increase

Systolic increases

Diastolic stays relatively constant or slightly increases/decreases

Summarize the blood pressure responses to static and dynamic exercise

Static

Dynamic

​Note: Athletes (especially ones who are endurance / aerobically trained) likely have less drastic increases in blood pressure during exercise!

Athletes often have smaller blood pressure fluctuations during and after exercise due to a stronger heart and improved cardiovascular function, leading to more efficient blood circulation and reduced strain on blood vessels. 

• Stronger Heart: Regular exercise strengthens heart muscle, allowing it to pump more blood with less effort. 

• Improved Cardiovascular Function: Athletes have a more efficient cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels work better together)

• Lower Resting Blood Pressure: Athletes typically have lower resting blood pressure compared to sedentary individuals. 

• Reduced Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Exercise training can reduce sympathetic nerve activity, which helps regulate blood pressure. 

• Vasodilation: Athletes' blood vessels are more elastic and dilate (widen) more easily, which reduces blood pressure. 

• Faster Recovery: Athletes' blood pressure returns to normal more quickly after exercise compared to untrained individuals. 

​These cardiovascular improvements / adaptations are the focus of our next lesson :)