Earth Science SOL Review Sheet #4 : Astronomy

Earth Science SOL Review Sheet #4 :      

Astronomy   

·   Made of ice and frozen gases, comets also orbit the sun

·   The Big Bang theory is the most current model for the origin of the universe.  It states that the universe began billions of years ago in a very hot, dense state that suddenly expanded.  This material eventually formed today’s stars and galaxies.

·   The Solar Nebular Theory is our most current explanation how the planets formed.  Material in a solar condensed and formed planets.

·   Our solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy. 

·   Stars change over time. The mass of a star controls how it evolves, how long it exists and its ultimate fate

·   The Earth revolves around the sun, tilted on its axis, causing the seasons. 

·   The moon revolves around the Earth creating the moon phases and eclipses. 

·   The solar system consists of the sun, the 8 classic planets, dwarf planets, comets, and asteroids.

·   The sun is made of mostly hydrogen gas and its energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions.

·   Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are terrestrial planets.  Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are gas giants.  The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter. 

Essential Knowledge and Skills

​Vocabulary

Let's practice important words you should know for this review.

Multiple Choice

The longest and shortest days of the year

• Solstices

• Equinox

• Nebula

• Meteor

Multiple Choice

Times of the year when the sun is located directly above the equator so that day and night are of equal length around the world (March 21 and September 22 – 23)

• Soltices

• Equinoxes

• Nebulas

• Stellars

Multiple Choice

The 1st manned landing on the moon

• Apollo 11

• Apollo 1

• Apollo 3

• Apollo 7

Multiple Choice

Billions of stars grouped together

• constellation
• galaxy
• nebula
• star cluster

Multiple Choice

The stages of development and duration of stars, some of which appear on the H – R diagram

• Galaxian evolution

• Stellar evolution

• Stellar revolution

• Evolution of the galaxy

Multiple Choice

A diagram that shows the relationships between a star's color, its absolute magnitude, and its temperature

• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• Spectral Classification graph
• Stellar Evolution chart
• Color-Magnitude diagram

Multiple Choice

A huge cloud of dust and gases; condense to form stars

• Asteroid Belt
• Nebula
• Star Cluster
• Galaxy

Multiple Choice

The circling of one object about another, the motion of the planets around the sun and satellites (moons) around the planets

• Linear motion
• Revolution

• Rotation

• Translation

Multiple Choice

Streaks of light produced by a meteoroid as it burns up in Earth’s atmosphere

• Comet
• Satellite
• Meteor
• Asteroid

Multiple Choice

Occurs when the moon blocks sunlight from Earth’s surface

• Lunar eclipse
• Solar eclipse
• Solar flare
• Meteor shower

Multiple Choice

The distance that light can travel in a year; approximately 6 trillion miles (~ 9 trillion kilometers)

• Light-year
• Parsec
• Kilometer
• Astronomical unit

SOL Review

Now, let's practice some SOL review questions.

Labelling

Label the phases of the moon.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Last Quarter

Waxing Crescent

First Quarter

New Moon

Waxing Gibbous

Waning Gibbous

Waning Crescent

Full Moon

Multiple Choice

On this day, which location has the greatest number of hours of daylight?

• Location E

• Location B

• Location C

• Location D

Multiple Choice

How does the sun produce energy?

• Fusion of Hydrogen into helium

• Burning of hydrogen

• Fission of helium into hydrogen

• Fusion of helium into hydrogen

Multiple Choice

Apollo 11 was the first NASA mission to–

• Orbit Earth

• Land on the moon

• Put a man into space

• Visit Mars

Multiple Choice

The maps below show the amount of sea ice surrounding the continent of Antarctica at two different times of the year. Map A represents late August when the area covered by sea ice approaches its greatest extent. Map B represents the minimum extent of sea ice.

• February

• June

• May

• October

Multiple Choice

The photograph shows a huge hole approximately 1 mile across located in

Diablo Canyon, Arizona. What MOST LIKELY created this?

• glacial erosion

• plate tectonics

• stream erosion

• meteorite collision

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true concerning the diagram shown below?

• A lunar eclipse was observed from position A.

• A lunar eclipse was observed from position B.

• A solar eclipse was observed from position A.

• A solar eclipse was observed from position B.

Multiple Choice

The most accepted theory for the origin of the sun and planets is–

• big bang theory
• steady state theory

• offspring theory

• solar nebula theory

Multiple Choice

Which theory states that the universe was created from a very hot dense state that expanded and eventually condensed into galaxies?

• Steady State Theory
• Big Bang Theory
• Solar Nebula Theory

• Offspring Theory

Multiple Choice

According to this H-R diagram, which are the brightest stars?

• Red giants

• Main sequence stars

• Super giants

• White dwarfs