Life Science Review

Life Science Review
LS 2,3,5,7,9,11
6.8

By Melanie Smith

Cell Theory

Cell theory states that :

- all living organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the basic unit of life
- all new cells arise from existing cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things

• All cells arise from pre-existing cells

• All living things are composed of cells

• Cells exist only in multicellular organisms

Cells

• Mostly Bacteria

• Have no membrane bound organelles

• No nucleus.

• PRO rhymes with NO (No membrane bound organelles, NO nucleus)

• Plants, Animals, Fungi

• Have nucleus

• Have membrane bound organelles

• EU rhymes with DO (Do have nucleus, do have membrane bound organelles)

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

Cells

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

Multiple Choice

Has membrane bound organelles

• Prokaryote
• Eukaryote
• both

Multiple Choice

One example of a prokaryote is a...

• fungus
• bacteria
• animal
• plant

Multiple Choice

I have membrane-bound organelles and DNA, what am I?

• Prokaryote

• Chloroplast

• Bacteria

• Eukaryote

Cells

• Have Cell Wall and Cell Membrane

• Have Chloroplasts for Photosynthesis

• Have large central Vacuole for storage.

• Only have cell membrane, no wall.

• Has Mitochondria no Chloroplasts

• Has small lysosomes and and centrosomes for storage.

Animal (Consumers)

Plant (Producers)

Cells

Plant (Producers)

Cells

Animal (Consumers)

Open Ended

Is this a plant cell or an animal cell? How do you know?

Multiple Choice

An animal cell has a cell wall

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following structure can be found in a plant cell but NOT an animal cell?

• vacuole
• nucleus
• chloroplast
• mitochondria

Nucleus: CONTROLS the cell, contains the cell's DNA (genetic material)

​Mitochondria: performs ENERGY CONVERSIONS (Makes ATP)

Cell Membrane: REGULATES what enters and exits the cell​

Cell Wall: provides SUPPORT and PROTECTION (only plant cells)

Cytoplasm: gel-like fluid that contains all of the water, nutrients and organelles in the cell

Chloroplast: absorbs sunlight and produces sugars during photosynthesis (only plant cells)

Vacuole: STORES water, nutrients and minerals

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the nucleus?

• Absorbing sunlight

• Controls the cell and contains the genetic material

• Performs energy conversions

• Produces sugars

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of this organelle?

• Absorbing sunlight and sugars

• Regulating what comes in and out of the cell

• Storing water and nutrients

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of the vacuole in a cell?

• Store water, nutrients, and minerals for the cell

• Absorb sunlight and produce sugars

• Regulate what enters and exits the cell

• Perform energy conversions

Multiple Choice

What organelle is this??

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• cell membrane

Multiple Choice

If many of the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?

• The cell would not be able to create energy.

• The cell would not be able to make proteins.

• The cell would not e able to photosynthesize.

• The cell would not be able to break down waste in the cell.

Multiple Choice

What are the PRODUCTS of photosynthesis?

• oxygen & glucose

• carbon dioxide & oxygen

• glucose & carbon dioxide

• glucose only

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a reactant of photosynthesis?

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

• ATP

• glucose

Multiple Choice

A popular "pet," in Japan is a plant called marimo, or moss balls. They sink during the night and they float during the day. Based on what you know about plants, why does this happen?

• they become lighter during the day and gain weight at night

• they get larger at night, which causes them to sink

• they turn green at night, and green makes them weigh more

• they perform photosynthesis during the day, which releases bubbles of oxygen, which allows them to float

The prefix bio- means "living" Biotic factors are any factors in an ecosystem that are alive or were once alive.

Biotic Factor

​Abiotic factors are factors that were never alive and could never be alive. They still affect the ecosystem, though.

​​Abiotic Factor

​​ECOSYSTEMS

Multiple Choice

Biotic can be defined as

• the living parts of an environment

• non-living parts of an environment

• rocks and water

• snakes and water

Multiple Choice

Abiotic can be defined as?

• An organism that is alive

• Non-living parts of the environment

• Living Parts of the environment

• A new kind of Pokemon that lives with Pikachu

Multiple Choice

A plants leaves die and fall to the ground each winter, are the leaves biotic or abiotic?

• biotic

• abiotic

Grouping

• Individual (one)

• Population (a group of the same organisms)

• Community (many populations living together)

• Ecosystem (biotic and abiotic working together)

• Biosphere (all the world's ecosystems)

Symbiosis

a relationship between two organisms

Food Webs

• overlapping food chains

• organisms usually eat more than one type of food

• food webs are more accurate pictures of what happens in different ecosystems

• ARROWS: show energy flow

Food Webs

• Producers: autotrophs, perform photosynthesis

• Primary Consumers: heterotrophs, eat producers

• Secondary Consumers: heterotrophs, eat primary consumers

• Tertiary Consumers: heterotrophs, eat secondary consumers

• Decomposers: heterotrophs, break down dead organisms

Multiple Select

Click on all of the primary consumers in this food chain.

• corn snake

• pine-borer insect

• mouse

• red-tailed hawk

Multiple Select

Click on the producers in this food web.

• oak acorns

• kinglet

• red-tailed hawk

• pine tree

Multiple Choice

Suppose a certain species of insect lives in the lush green canopy of the rain forest. Some of the insects are bright green in color, and some are bright yellow. Assume there is a natural predator of the insect in the area. What do you expect to happen to the populations of the green and the yellow insects over time?

• The green insect population will increase and the yellow insect population will decrease.
• The green insect population will decrease and the yellow insect population will increase.
• Both insect populations will remain constant over time.
• Both insect populations will increase over time.

Multiple Choice

What organism is a producer?

• Greenfly

• Plantain

• Rabbit

• Mouse

Multiple Select

Select two organisms that are competitors

• Mouse

• Rabbit

• Buzzard

• Frog

Multiple Choice

What organism is a primary consumer?

• Grasshopper

• Ladybird

• Dragonfly

• Frog

Physical adaptations

• A change to a body structure that allows the animal to consume food, defend itself and reproduce.

• camouflage

• mimicry

• chemical defenses

• body parts (ex: webbed feet)

Behavioral Adaptations

• allow an animal to respond to life's needs

• actions

• instinctive: happen naturally

• learned: these behaviors are taught

• examples: hibernating, migrating, finding shelter, etc.

All living things depend on sunlight to survive.

• Plants need energy to make their food (photosynthesis)

• Animals need the sun to make the food they eat grow so they will have food to eat (Cellular Respiration)

Producers (Make their own food/plants) are at the bottom of the food chain

• CONSUMERS (have to eat their food) depend on PRODUCERS (plants) for energy

• Heterotroph (eat different things)

In food chain the energy flow is the way in which the arrow points. An organism has to EAT food in order to get energy

• 10% of the energy is transferred from one level to the next.

• The organisms at the TOP of the food chain receive the LEAST amount of energy

• Ex. Lions sleep most of the day

Multiple Choice

An animal that has thick white fur, layers of fat, and conserves heat would live in what kind of enviroment?

• Tropical rainforest
• Desert environment
• Temperate forest
• Cold environment, such as polar regions or tundras.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?

• grass - shrubs - lichens - trees

• lichens - shrubs - grasses - trees

• lichens - grasses - shrubs - trees

• grasses - lichens - shrubs - trees

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a disturbance that could bring about secondary succession?

• Humans cut down many trees in a small region

• A volcanic eruption covers a village in lava.

Multiple Choice

What is an increase of biodiversity over time, after a natural or man made disturbance?

• ecological recession

• climax recession

• ecological succession

• climax succession

Multiple Choice

The change of an ecosystem over time until a stable stage is reached is called -

• competition

• carry capacity

• succession

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes what will most likely occur to the moth populations in the image below?

• The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of dark moths will rise.
• The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of light moths will rise.
• The dark moths will be captured by predators more easily than the light moths, and the dark moths will probably go extinct.
• The light moths will change their wing color to match that of the dark moths.