DLE1224(4) BIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the main difference modern biosocial theories of criminal behavior compared to early ones?

• Examine environmental factors

• Focus on genetics

• Role of the brain in behavior

• Belief in free will

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Positivist School?

• Physical Features

• Italian School

• Social Contract Theory

• XYY Supermale

Multiple Choice

The Positivist School believes criminal behavior is mainly influenced by...

• External factors beyond individual control

• Free will

• Religious beliefs

• Political systems

Multiple Choice

Which principle states that behavior is determined by forces outside an individual’s control?

• Utilitarianism

• Retribution

• Social Determinism

• Rational Choice

Multiple Choice

The Positivist School emphasized the use of:

• Random punishment

• Scientific techniques

• Mythology and religion

• Intuition and morality

Multiple Choice

According to Franz Joseph Gall’s phrenology:

• Skull shape reflects personality

• Brain size has no relation to mental traits.

• Personality traits are inherited

• Criminal tendencies are caused by social environment.

Multiple Choice

Cesare Lombroso's theory of atavism states criminals are...

• less evolved due to primitive physical traits

• influenced by environmental factors only

• a result of poor upbringing

• born with a natural sense of morality

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is NOT true about somatotyping theory are correct?

• It connects body build to personality.

• It has been disproven as a valid theory.

• It identifies four main body types.

• It is widely accepted in modern criminology.

Multiple Choice

Which statement DOES NOT reflect the hereditary theory of crime?

• Sterilisation of the “feebleminded”

• “generations of crime”

• Criminal tendencies are inherited through “bad genes”

• Crime is entirely caused by poor social environment.

Multiple Choice

The XYY “supermale” theory in criminology suggested that:

• XYY males are immune to psychological disorders.

• Criminal behavior is entirely caused by social factors.

• All males with normal XY chromosomes are violent.

• Men with an extra Y chromosome are genetically predisposed to violent behavior.

Multiple Choice

According to twin studies, what is a significant finding regarding the nature and nurture debate in criminality?

• Identical twins show higher criminality even when raised apart.

• Fraternal twins always have similar criminal tendencies.

• Home environment outweighs genetic predispositions.

• Antisocial behavior cannot be detected in childhood.

Multiple Choice

According to Konrad Lorenz, aggression considered instinctive for survival because it is....

• learned from society

• evolutionary inherited

• a result of education

• a modern phenomenon

Match

According to Edward Wilson’s New Synthesis, which of the following best explains ...

• Unselfish behavior that enhances group survival

• Protecting personal property and territory at all costs

• Forming gangs for criminal purposes

altruism

territoriality

tribalism

• altruism

• territoriality

• tribalism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT genetic factors are linked to aggression?

• MAO-A 'warrior gene' mutation

• Dopamine-related variations

• Gene–environment (GxE) model

• Free will

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT possible effects of prolonged stress on the brain, as described in the dysfunctional brain hypothesis?

• Improved memory

• Altered brain function

• Increased impulsivity

• Reduced empathy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following ingested substances is NOT associated with aggression?

• Low blood sugar

• Excess sugar consumption

• Good diet

• Nutritional deficiencies

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are NOT causes of pollution-induced brain damage?

• Lead

• Manganese

• Tobacco

• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the gut-brain connection?

• Only diet, not gut bacteria, affects mood and cognition.

• The gut has no effect on human behavior.

• Gut bacteria can influence brain function, emotions, and behavior.

• The brain controls emotions independently of the gut.

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT true about low resting heart rate?

• prevalent among females

• cause to seek stimulation

• fearing punishment

• leads to engaging in healthy behaviour

Multiple Choice

What does low skin conductivity, as measured by galvanic skin response (GSR), indicate?

• Low arousal

• High arousal

• High blood pressure

• Low heart rate

Multiple Choice

A higher index-to-ring finger length ratio is linked to which of the following?

• Higher testosterone

• Lower androgen

• Higher estrogen

• Lower aggression

Match

Match the following hormone

• Aggression

• Growth

• Mood regulation

• Social bonding

Testosterone

Thyroid

Serotonin

Oxytocin

• Testosterone

• Thyroid

• Serotonin

• Oxytocin