Wayground Copy of Introduction to Earth’s Systems

Multiple Choice

What is the atmosphere primarily made of?

• Water and minerals

• Air and dust particles

• Rocks and soil

• Ice and snow

Multiple Choice

What does the atmosphere contain?

• Earth's oceans

• Earth's weather

• Earth's mountains

• Earth's forests

Multiple Choice

What is the atmosphere described as in the learning material?

• Thick layer of water

• Thin envelope of gases

• Solid layer of rock

• Dense cloud of dust

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a part of the Earth's geosphere?

• Atmosphere

• Solid metal inner core

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

Multiple Choice

What does the geosphere primarily consist of?

• Water and air

• Rock and metal

• Plants and animals

• Gases and liquids

Multiple Choice

Which layer is NOT part of the geosphere?

• Crust

• Liquid metal outer core

• Rocky mantle

• Troposphere

Multiple Choice

What is the hydrosphere?

• The frozen component of the atmosphere

• All of the water that cycles through the atmosphere

• The solid part of the Earth

• The gaseous layer surrounding Earth

Multiple Choice

What is the cryosphere?

• The liquid component of the hydrosphere

• The gaseous component of the atmosphere

• The frozen component of the hydrosphere

• The solid component of the lithosphere

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of energy?

• The ability to do work

• The ability to create matter

• The ability to produce light

• The ability to generate sound

Multiple Choice

What are the two main sources of energy for the Earth system?

• Heat from the sun and heat from Earth's interior

• Heat from the moon and heat from Earth's surface

• Heat from the stars and heat from Earth's atmosphere

• Heat from the ocean and heat from Earth's crust

Multiple Choice

What is the main characteristic of positive feedback?

• It causes a process to slow down.

• It reinforces or speeds up a process.

• It reverses a process.

• It has no effect on a process.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

• Melting glaciers

• The body regulating blood sugar

• Increasing global temperatures

• Accelerating heart rate

Multiple Choice

What does feedback involve?

• A one-time action

• A loop where a signal or action triggers another signal or action

• A random occurrence

• An isolated event

Multiple Choice

What are constructive forces in the geosphere?

• Forces that destroy or wear away land.

• Forces that construct or build up land.

• Forces that cause earthquakes.

• Forces that create ocean currents.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a constructive force?

• Arches

• Erosion

• Himalayan Mountains

• Earthquakes

Multiple Choice

What do destructive forces do in the geosphere?

• Build up land

• Create new landforms

• Destroy or wear away land

• Cause volcanic eruptions

Multiple Choice

Which sphere is a volcano a part of when it erupts?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

Multiple Choice

What happens to volcanic ash and gases after a volcano erupts?

• They remain in the geosphere.

• They are released into the atmosphere and hydrosphere.

• They disappear completely.

• They only affect the biosphere.

Multiple Choice

How can volcanic ash affect the soil over time?

• It makes the soil infertile.

• It enriches the soil, providing nutrients to organisms.

• It has no effect on the soil.

• It only affects the atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

What is a mountain characterized by?

• High elevation and high relief

• Low elevation and low relief

• High elevation and low relief

• Low elevation and high relief

Multiple Choice

What defines a plateau?

• Low elevation and low relief

• High elevation and high relief

• High elevation and low relief

• Low elevation and high relief

Multiple Choice

Which landform is characterized by low elevation and low relief?

• Mountain

• Plateau

• Plain

• Valley

Multiple Choice

What is the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake called?

• Dunes

• Rivers

• Coastlines

• Delta

Multiple Choice

What is a hill of sand piled up by the wind known as?

• Delta

• Dunes

• Rivers

• Coastlines

Multiple Choice

What are natural streams of water that flow into another body of water called?

• Dunes

• Delta

• Rivers

• Coastlines

Multiple Choice

What is the sediment that builds up when a river meets an ocean called?

• Coastlines

• Dunes

• Rivers

• Delta

Multiple Choice

What is one reason for making a model of something?

• To make it more expensive

• To understand how things work

• To make it slower

• To make it smaller

Multiple Choice

What tools do topographers use to create maps?

• Paintbrushes and canvases

• Computers, aerial photography, and satellite images

• Hammers and nails

• Pencils and paper

Multiple Choice

What do mapmakers use to determine elevations and distances?

• Principles of chemistry

• Principles of geometry

• Principles of biology

• Principles of physics

Multiple Choice

What does a topographic map portray?

• The political boundaries of countries

• The surface features of an area as if viewed from above

• The weather patterns of a region

• The population density of a city

Multiple Choice

What do contour lines on a topographic map connect?

• Points of different elevations

• Points of equal elevation

• Points of equal temperature

• Points of equal distance

Multiple Choice

What does a closed loop with dashes on a topographic map indicate?

• A hilltop or summit

• A valley

• A ridge

• A river

Multiple Choice

What feature is indicated by V-shaped lines pointing away from a loop on a topographic map?

• Valley

• Ridge

• Hilltop

• River

Multiple Choice

What does GPS stand for?

• Global Positioning System

• Geographic Positioning System

• Global Placement System

• Geographic Placement System

Multiple Choice

Which system uses satellite signals for navigation?

• GIS

• GPS

• GNS

• GMS

Multiple Choice

What is a primary use of GIS?

• Providing driving directions

• Producing interactive maps

• Sending text messages

• Streaming videos

Multiple Choice

What is the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas?

• Condensation

• Precipitation

• Evaporation

• Sublimation

Multiple Choice

What is transpiration?

• Water in plants changing to water vapor and evaporating into the atmosphere

• Water vapor condensing into liquid water

• Water freezing into ice

• Water boiling at high temperatures

Multiple Choice

Why are plants part of the water cycle?

• They absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

• They take in water through roots and give off water through transpiration

• They provide oxygen to the atmosphere

• They produce food for animals

Multiple Choice

What is the process by which water vapor becomes liquid water?

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Sublimation

• Precipitation

Multiple Choice

What happens to water vapor as it rises into colder air?

• It evaporates into gas

• It condenses into liquid or solid water

• It turns into steam

• It remains unchanged

Multiple Choice

What forms in the clouds and falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet?

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Precipitation

• Transpiration

Multiple Choice

What is the source of almost all fresh water on and below Earth’s surface?

• Evaporation

• Precipitation

• Condensation

• Infiltration

Multiple Choice

What percentage of Earth's water is fresh water?

• 3%

• 10%

• 50%

• 97%

Multiple Choice

Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?

• In the oceans

• In glaciers and underground

• In the atmosphere

• In rivers and lakes

Multiple Choice

What makes up a river system?

• A single river

• A river and all the tributaries that flow into it

• Only the tributaries

• A river and ponds

Multiple Choice

What is a watershed?

• A body of still water

• A ridge of land

• The land area that supplies water to a river system

• A type of river

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a divide?

• To connect two rivers

• To separate watersheds

• To store water

• To create lakes

Multiple Choice

What is true about ponds and lakes?

• They contain mostly flowing water

• They are part of a river system

• They contain mostly still water

• They are always man-made

Multiple Choice

What is groundwater?

• Water that fills in the cracks and spaces in soil and rock layers

• Water found in rivers and lakes

• Water that evaporates into the atmosphere

• Water used for irrigation

Multiple Choice

What is an aquifer?

• A surface water body

• An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water

• A type of well

• A water purification system

Multiple Choice

How were wells traditionally dug?

• Using explosives

• By hand

• With the help of animals

• Using modern drilling equipment

Multiple Choice

What effect does evaporation have on ocean salinity?

• It decreases salinity.

• It increases salinity.

• It has no effect on salinity.

• It makes salinity fluctuate.

Multiple Choice

What happens to temperature as you go deeper into the ocean?

• Temperature increases.

• Temperature remains constant.

• Temperature decreases.

• Temperature fluctuates.

Multiple Choice

What is the average depth of the ocean?

• 2.5 km

• 3.8 km

• 5.0 km

• 4.2 km

Multiple Choice

What is a seamount?

• A volcanic mountain that rises from the ocean floor but doesn’t reach the surface.

• A long, deep valley on the ocean floor.

• The steep edge of a continental shelf.

• A broad area covered with thick layers of mud and salt.

Multiple Choice

What is a trench?

• A long, deep valley on the ocean floor, where old ocean sinks back toward the mantle.

• A gently sloping, shallow area that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

• Long chains of mountains on the ocean floors.

• A volcanic mountain that rises from the ocean floor but doesn’t reach the surface.

Multiple Choice

What is the continental slope?

• The steep edge of a continental shelf.

• A broad area covered with thick layers of mud and salt.

• A gently sloping, shallow area that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

• Long chains of mountains on the ocean floors.

Multiple Choice

What is the continental shelf?

• A gently sloping, shallow area that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

• A long, deep valley on the ocean floor.

• The steep edge of a continental shelf.

• A volcanic mountain that rises from the ocean floor but doesn’t reach the surface.

Multiple Choice

What is an abyssal plain?

• A broad area covered with thick layers of mud and salt.

• A long, deep valley on the ocean floor.

• The steep edge of a continental shelf.

• Long chains of mountains on the ocean floors.

Multiple Choice

What are mid-ocean ridges?

• Long chains of mountains on the ocean floors. Lava erupts from below the crust to form new ocean floor.

• A gently sloping, shallow area that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

• A broad area covered with thick layers of mud and salt.

• A volcanic mountain that rises from the ocean floor but doesn’t reach the surface.