Unit 0 - Ethics

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a primary responsibility of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in psychological research?

• To review and approve research proposals for ethical standards

• To conduct all psychological experiments themselves

• To publish research findings in scientific journals

• To provide funding for research projects

Open Ended

Why is it important for psychological research to have ethical guidelines?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a step in the ethical review process for psychological research proposals as outlined by the IRB?

• Proposal Submission

• Initial Review

• Ethical Assessment

• Data Fabrication

Multiple Choice

The Stanford Prison Experiment is often cited as an example of ethical issues in research. What ethical principle was most clearly violated in this study?

• Informed Consent

• Confidentiality

• Protection from Harm

• Debriefing

Open Ended

Explain why protecting participants from harm is a fundamental ethical guideline in psychological research. Provide an example to support your answer.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about informed consent is correct?

• Participants must be forced to stay in the study until it ends.

• Researchers can skip informed consent if the study is harmless.

• Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

• Informed consent is only needed for medical research.

Open Ended

How does informed assent differ from informed consent, and in what situations is it required in psychological research?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between informed consent and informed assent in psychological research?

• Informed consent is for adults, while informed assent is for those unable to give legal consent, such as minors.

• Informed assent is for adults, while informed consent is for minors.

• Both terms mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

• Informed consent is only required in medical research, not psychological research.

Open Ended

Why is confidentiality important in psychological research, and what measures should researchers take to protect participants' identities?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the use of deception in psychological research is correct?

• Deception should be used sparingly and only when justified by scientific or ethical reasons.

• Deception is always unethical and should never be used.

• Deception can be used freely without any restrictions.

• Deception is only allowed if participants are informed beforehand.

Open Ended

Based on the Milgram study, what ethical dilemma does the use of deception in research present, and why is it important to consider its necessity and impact?

Multiple Choice

Confederates in psychological research are individuals who ___

• are part of the study but secretly work with the researcher and know the true purpose

• are unaware of the study's purpose

• are always the main subjects of the research

• are only used in medical experiments

Open Ended

Explain why debriefing is an important part of psychological research and how it benefits both participants and researchers.

Multiple Choice

Which ethical guideline was violated in the Little Albert experiment, and what was the consequence for the participant?

• Debriefing; Albert was not treated for his fear after the experiment.

• Confidentiality; Albert's identity was revealed to the public.

• Informed assent; Albert's guardian was not present during the experiment.

• Protection from harm; Albert was physically injured during the experiment.

Open Ended

How do you think the presence of a diverse group of professionals in IRBs benefits psychological research?

Multiple Choice

What is the main responsibility of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in psychological research?

• To review and approve research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met

• To conduct psychological experiments

• To recruit research participants

• To publish research findings