Chapter 2 Rev 8-25-25

Health Occupations Chapter 2
Healthcare Systems

Chapter 2-Healthcare Systems

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Health Occupations

-Describe at least 8 types of healthcare facilities
-Analyze at least 3 government agencies and the services offered by each.
-Describe at least 3 services offered by voluntary or non-profit agencies.
-Compare the basics of healthcare plans.

-Describir al menos 8 tipos de centros de salud. -Analizar al menos 3 agencias gubernamentales y los servicios que ofrece cada una. -Describir al menos 3 servicios ofrecidos por organizaciones voluntarias o sin fines de lucro. -Comparar los conceptos básicos de los planes de salud.

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Learning Targets

Private Health Care Facilities

• Hospitals

• Long-term care facilities (LTC or LTCF)

• Independent living and assisted living 

• Medical offices

• Hospitales

• Centros de atención a largo plazo (CLP o CLP)

• Vida independiente y vida asistida

• Consultorios médicos

Private Health Care Facilities

• Dental offices

• Clinics or satellite centers

• Optical centers

• Emergency care services

• Consultorios dentales

• Clínicas o centros satélite

• Ópticas

• Servicios de urgencias

• Private Health Care Facilities
  

• Laboratories

• Home health care

• Hospice agencies

• Mental health facilities

• Laboratorios

• Atención médica domiciliaria

• Hospicio

• Centros de salud mental

• Private Health Care Facilities
  

• Genetic counseling centers

• Rehabilitation facilities

• Industrial health care centers or occupational health clinics

• School health services

• Centros de asesoramiento genético

• Centros de rehabilitación

• Centros de salud industrial o clínicas de salud ocupacional

• Servicios de salud escolar

Review

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​ -Hospitals are classified as private or proprietary (operated for profit), religious, nonprofit or voluntary, and government, depending on the sources of income received by the hospital

-Los hospitales se clasifican como privados o propietarios (operados con fines de lucro), religiosos, sin fines de lucro o voluntarios y gubernamentales, dependiendo de las fuentes de ingresos que recibe el hospital.

Review

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hospitals: provide diagnostic, medical, surgical, and/or emergency care services, and may offer education and research services; General hospitals hospitals may offer emergency services, surgeries, physical therapy, lab tests and radiology services.
Specialty hospitals care for special conditions or age groups




Hospitales: ofrecen servicios de diagnóstico, médicos, quirúrgicos y/o de atención de urgencias, y pueden ofrecer servicios de educación e investigación. Los hospitales generales pueden ofrecer servicios de emergencia, cirugías, fisioterapia, pruebas de laboratorio y servicios de radiología.
Los hospitales especializados atienden afecciones especiales o grupos de edad.

Review

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long-term care facilities (LTCs or LTCFs): provide assistance and care for elderly patients, individuals with disabilities, and individuals with chronic or long-term illness

medical offices: provide diagnosis, treatment, examination, basic laboratory testing, and minor surgeries;
May be general, may be owned by 1 doctor, several doctors or by a corporation.

Consultorios médicos: ofrecen diagnóstico, tratamiento, exámenes, análisis básicos de laboratorio y cirugías menores. Pueden ser generales, pertenecer a un solo médico, a varios médicos o a una corporación.

Consultorios médicos: ofrecen diagnóstico, tratamiento, exámenes, análisis básicos de laboratorio y cirugías menores.

Review

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laboratories: perform special diagnostic tests such as blood or urine tests;

home health care: provides services such as nursing care, personal care, rehabilitation, homemaking, and cleaning in a patient’s home;



Laboratorios: realizan pruebas diagnósticas especiales, como análisis de sangre u orina;

Atención médica domiciliaria: ofrece servicios como atención de enfermería, cuidado personal, rehabilitación, tareas domésticas y limpieza en el hogar del paciente;

Review

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hospice: provides care for terminally ill patients who have a life expectancy of 6 months or less and care is directed toward allowing the patient to die with dignity;

mental health facilities: treat patients with mental disorders and diseases and provide services such as guidance and counseling;

hospicio: proporciona cuidados a pacientes con enfermedades terminales que tienen una expectativa de vida de 6 meses o menos y la atención está dirigida a permitir que el paciente muera con dignidad;

Centros de salud mental: tratan a pacientes con trastornos y enfermedades mentales y ofrecen servicios como orientación y asesoramiento;

Review

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rehabilitation facilities: provide care to help patients with physical or mental disabilities to obtain maximum self-care and function, and may provide physical, occupational, recreational, speech, and/or hearing therapy;


industrial health centers: provide health care for employees of an industry or business such as basic examinations, teaching accident prevention and safety, and providing emergency care;


Centros de rehabilitación: brindan atención para ayudar a pacientes con discapacidades físicas o mentales a lograr el máximo autocuidado y funcionalidad, y pueden brindar terapia física, ocupacional, recreativa, del habla y/o auditiva;

Centros de salud industrial: brindan atención médica a empleados de una industria o empresa, como exámenes básicos, capacitación en prevención y seguridad de accidentes, y atención de emergencias.

Multiple Select

Which of the following type paitent's are not treated in long term care (LTC) facilities care for?

• Eldery patients
• Plastic surgery patient
• Patients chonic or long term illnesses
• Patients with disabilities

Multiple Select

Which of the following is not true regarding Medical Offices?

• May have room for over night surgery patients
• May be general
• May be owned by several doctors
• May be owned by a corporation
• May be owned by 1 doctor

Multiple Choice

Specialty hospitals care for ALL types of paitents.

• False
• True

Multiple Choice

Medical Offices may be general or specialty.

• False
• True

Multiple Choice

Medical Offices may be owned by one doctor, several doctors or by a corporation.

• False
• True

Government Agencies

Student 1 Reads: World Health Organization (WHO)

Student 2 Reads: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)

Student 3 Reads: National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Student 4 Reads: Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

·       

Government Agencies

Student 3 Reads: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Student 1 Reads: Health Departments

Student 2 Reads: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• Government services are tax supported

• World Health Organization (WHO) compiles statistics and information on disease, publishes health information, and investigates and addresses serious health problems throughout the world

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Review

​-Los servicios gubernamentales se financian con impuestos.
-La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recopila estadísticas e información sobre enfermedades, publica información sanitaria e investiga y aborda problemas de salud graves en todo el mundo.

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)-deals with the health problems in the United States

• National Institutes of Health (NIH) involved in research on disease

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Review

-El Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos (USDHHS) se ocupa de los problemas de salud en Estados Unidos.
-Los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) participan en la investigación sobre enfermedades.

Multiple Choice

____________________ complies statistics and information on disease, publishes health information, and investigates and addresses serious health problems throughout the world.

• U.S Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
• Natioanl Institutes of Health (NIH)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• None of these

Multiple Choice

___________________ deals with the health problems in the United States.

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Natioanl Institutes of Health (NIH)
• U.S Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
• None of these

Multiple Choice

___________________ involved in research on disease

• Natioanl Institutes of Health (NIH)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• U.S Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
• None of these

Multiple Choice

______________ responsible for regulating food and drug products sold to the public.

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSAH)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Health Departments

Multiple Choice

______________ establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illness.

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSAH)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Health Departments
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Multiple Choice

______________ concerned with causes, spread, and control of diseases in populations.

• Health Departments
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSAH)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

​Health Insurance

• Health Insurance
  

• C

• Student 4 Reads: Health insurance plans

• Student 1 Reads: Health maintenance organization (HMO)

• Student 2 Reads: Preferred provider organization (PPO)

• Student 3 Reads: Medicare and Medigap

• Health Insurance
  

• Student 1 Reads: Medicaid/Medi-cal

• Student 2 Reads: The State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)

• Student 3 Reads: Worker’s Compensation

• Student 4 Reads: U.S. government plans for all military personnel and their families

Multiple Choice

Requires that specific percentages of expenses are shared by the patient and insurance company

• Co-payment
• Deductible
• Premium
• Co-insurance

Multiple Choice

Forms a contract with certain health care agencies, to provide health care at reduced rates. if insured uses a non affiliated provider, they may require co-payments of 40–60 percent.

• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• Medicare
• Medigap
• Medicaid/Medi-cal

Multiple Choice

Formerly called CHAMPUS (the Civilian Health and Medical Programs for the Uniform Services) is a U.S. government health insurance plan for all military personnel.

• Tricare
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medigap

Multiple Choice

To provide health care to uninsured children of working families who earn too little to afford private insurance but too much to be eligible for Medicaid/Medi-cal

• The State Children’s Health Insurance Pro gram (SCHIP)
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medigap

Multiple Choice

Total care provided is directed toward preventive type health care. Insured is required to use only an affiliated health care providers.

• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medigap
• Medicaid/Medi-cal

Multiple Choice

Amounts that must be paid by the patient for medical services before the health insurance policy begins to pay.

• Co-payment
• Deductible
• Premium
• Co-insurance

Multiple Choice

A federal government program that provides health care for almost all individuals over the age of 65 & for any person with a disability who has received Social Security benefits for at least 2 years

• Medicare
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medigap
• Medicaid/Medi-cal

Multiple Choice

Health insurance plan providing treatment for workers injured on the job.

• Workers’ Compensation
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medigap

Multiple Choice

Policies are health insurance plans that help pay expenses not covered by Medicare.

• Medigap
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medicaid/Medi-cal

Multiple Choice

Specific amount of money a patient pays for a particular service

• Co-payment
• Deductible
• Premium
• Co-insurance

Multiple Choice

Medical assistance program that is jointly funded by the federal government & state governments.In most states, it pays for the health care of individuals with low incomes.

• Medicaid/Medi-cal
• A health maintenance organization (HMO)
• A preferred provider organization (PPO)
• Medicare
• Medigap

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Five key HIPAA standards, or rules, include: the Privacy Rule, which protects patient information; the Security Rule, which safeguards electronic health information; the Breach Notification Rule, requiring notification of data breaches; the Omnibus Rule, which strengthens enforcement and compliance; and the Enforcement Rule, which defines penalties for violations. These rules together establish the framework for how protected health information (PHI) is handled and secured in the healthcare industry. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Here is a simplified breakdown of each rule:

1. 1. Privacy Rule:

   .

   This rule sets the standards for who can access and use patient health information. It gives patients rights over their health data and requires healthcare providers to protect its privacy. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

2. Security Rule:

This rule specifically addresses the protection of electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI). It mandates that healthcare organizations implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this electronic data. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

3. Breach Notification Rule:

If a breach of unsecured patient information occurs, this rule requires covered entities to notify the affected individuals and authorities. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

4. Omnibus Rule:

This rule extended HIPAA's protections by strengthening enforcement and adding new compliance requirements, including implications for business associates of healthcare providers. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

5. Enforcement Rule:

This rule outlines the procedures for investigating HIPAA compliance and the penalties that can be imposed for violations. 

• C

• 
  

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Key Takeaway: These rules ensure that patient health information is handled responsibly, with a focus on privacy, security, and accountability for healthcare organizations

• C