Ch. 1 Full PowerPoint

Multiple Choice

Explain the process of polymerization and its significance in the formation of biomolecules.

• Biomolecules are formed solely through chemical reactions without polymerization.
• Polymerization is significant in forming biomolecules as it allows the assembly of essential macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital for cellular structure and function.
• Polymerization is unrelated to the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.
• Polymerization is a process that only occurs in plants.

Fill in the Blank

The monomer of carbohydrates is called a ___.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of protein functions in the human body? (Select Multiple)

• Enzyme catalysis

• Structural support

• Energy storage

• Transport of molecules

Multiple Choice

Explain how the structure of a protein is related to its function in the cell.

• Proteins function independently of their structure.
• The structure of a protein has no impact on its activity.
• The structure of a protein determines its function by dictating how it interacts with other molecules in the cell.
• All proteins have the same structure and function.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the diagram of protein structure?

• Folding of polypeptide chains from primary to quaternary structure

• Replication of DNA into RNA

• Transport of molecules across a cell membrane

• Breakdown of lipids into fatty acids

Multiple Choice

The monomer unit of nucleic acids is called a ___.

• nucleotide
• amino acid

• monosaccharide

• fatty acid

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of DNA as described in the images?

• Carrying genetic information and maintaining proper functioning of the body

• Providing energy for cellular processes

• Forming the structure of cell membranes

• Digesting and absorbing food

Open Ended

Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in terms of their structure and physical properties.

Multiple Choice

Which fatty acid from the table is most likely to be solid at room temperature?

• Stearic acid

• Oleic acid

• Linoleic acid

• Linolenic acid

Multiple Choice

How does the number of double bonds in a fatty acid affect its melting point?

• More double bonds lower the melting point

• More double bonds raise the melting point

• Number of double bonds has no effect

• More double bonds make it solid at room temperature

Multiple Choice

Which fatty acid is saturated?

• Stearic acid

• Oleic acid

• Linoleic acid

• Linolenic acid

Multiple Choice

Describe the structure and main components of the cell membrane as shown in the diagram.

• The cell membrane is a rigid structure made of cellulose and proteins.
• The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, and cholesterol, forming a semi-permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• The cell membrane functions as a solid barrier that does not allow any substances to pass through.
• The cell membrane is composed solely of carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

Open Ended

Which biomolecules are used to store energy in a cell?

Multiple Choice

A chemical reaction changes one set of chemicals into another. The chemicals at the start of the reaction are called ___.

• reactants
• product

• activation energy

• yield

Multiple Choice

Which reaction occurs spontaneously?

• The reaction that releases energy

• The reaction that absorbs energy

• Both reactions occur spontaneously

• Neither reaction occurs spontaneously

Multiple Choice

How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction?

• They increase the activation energy

• They decrease the activation energy

• They do not affect the activation energy

• They stop the reaction completely

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about energy-releasing reactions is correct?

• They require more energy to get started

• They occur spontaneously

• They have a higher activation energy

• They proceed more slowly

Multiple Choice

The enzyme-substrate complex forms when enzymes bind to their ___.

• substrates
• product

• activation energy

• yield

Multiple Choice

What are the main functions of vacuoles in living cells?

• Storage, maintaining pressure, and metabolic functions.

• Energy production and respiration
• Photosynthesis and light absorption

Open Ended

If lysosomes are generally only intended for animal or animal-like cells, then what plant exists that may use a lysosome? "Think about in the rainforest"

Open Ended

Name the 2 different endoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple Choice

Ribosomes are originally made where?

• Nucleolus
• Golgi Apparatus
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What cellular structure builds proteins?

• Ribosomes
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

How does the endoplasmic reticulum help with finalizing the making of a protein?

• The endoplasmic reticulum helps finalize protein making by synthesizing, folding, and modifying proteins before they are sent to the Golgi apparatus.
• The endoplasmic reticulum only transports proteins to the nucleus.

Open Ended

What biomolecule makes up the vesicle "shipping container" that ships the protein to the Golgi apparatus or other parts of the cell?

Open Ended

What are the two organelles responsible for energy conversion in living cells?

Multiple Choice

Chloroplasts carry out what cellular process?

• Cellular respiration
• Protein synthesis
• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Mitochondria carry out what cellular process?

• Photosynthesis
• Protein synthesis
• Cellular respiration

Open Ended

The natural flow is?

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about osmosis, as shown in the diagram, are correct? (Multi choices)

• Water moves from lower to higher solute concentration through aquaporins.

• Sugar cannot pass through the membrane due to lack of channel proteins.

• Osmosis is a type of passive transport.

• Cell membranes allow all molecules to pass freely.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

Open Ended

Why is osmosis still considered a type of facilitated transport?

Multiple Choice

Why will cells try to move water "first" before any other molecule for homeostasis?

• Cells will try to move water first for homeostasis because it is crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and cellular function.
• Proteins are more important for cellular structure than water.
• Cells prioritize moving glucose for energy needs.
• Oxygen is the first molecule needed for cellular respiration.

Multiple Choice

What does active transport need in order to move molecules across a membrane?

• Energy (ATP)
• Osmosis
• Facilitated transport
• Diffusion

Open Ended

Name the type of animal cell that would be #2 and #4.

Open Ended

Name the type of plant cell for #1 and #4

Multiple Choice

Why does the left ventricle of the heart require so much mitochondria per cell?

• The left ventricle requires many mitochondria to produce the energy needed for its strong contractions to pump blood throughout the body.
• The left ventricle has fewer mitochondria because it relies on anaerobic respiration.
• The left ventricle requires mitochondria to store oxygen for later use.

Open Ended

Reflecting on today's lesson about biomolecules and carbon compounds, what is one question you still have or something you would like to learn more about?