Unit 4 : Computer - Hardware

Multiple Choice

What is the main focus of the "Hardware" section in computer science?

• Software development

• Hardware components and their functions

• Internet protocols

• Cybersecurity threats

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of computer hardware?

• • A) CPU

• • B) RAM

• • C) Operating System

• • D) Input devices

Multiple Choice

The Von Neumann model involves which CPU components?

• • A) Keyboard, mouse, monitor

• • B) Control unit, ALU, registers, clock

• • C) Browser, operating system, apps

• • D) Scanner, printer, speakers

Multiple Choice

A computer where both data and instructions are stored in memory is known as:

• Harvard architecture

• Embedded system

• Cloud computing

• Von Neumann architecture

Multiple Choice

Von Neumann architecture can best be defined as:

• Software stored on the internet

• Computer system design where program and data are stored together

• CPU design without memory

• Embedded system

Multiple Choice

What connects the CPU, memory, and input/output devices in a computer system?

• Cloud storage

• Operating system

• A group of wires called the bus

• Device drivers

• RAM

Multiple Choice

Which hardware device carries out processing in a computer?

• CPU

• Operating system

• bus

• RAM

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the bus in a computer system?

• To process instructions

• To store programs

• To provide a group of connections between devices

• To display data

Multiple Choice

The continuous sequence where the CPU fetches, interprets, and carries out instructions is called:

• Reading cycle

• Fetch-decode-execute cycle

• Boot sequence

• Memory allocation cycle

Multiple Choice

The fetch-decode-execute cycle continues until:

• The CPU overheats

• The power is turned off

• The program ends

• The RAM is full

Multiple Choice

Output devices are used by a computer to:

• • A) Store programs

• • B) Communicate results of processing

• • C) Manage memory

• • D) Input raw data

Multiple Choice

RAM is typically measured in which unit?

• • Bytes

• • Megabits

• • Gigabytes

• • Hertz

Multiple Choice

The process of the CPU storing data into memory is called:

• • Fetching

• • Writing

• • Reading

• • Executing

Multiple Choice

What is a memory address?

• A binary number stored in RAM

• A number that uniquely identifies a memory location

• The capacity of the hard drive

• The address of the CPU

Multiple Choice

When the CPU retrieves data from a given memory location, the operation is called:

• • Fetching

• • Writing

• • Reading

• • Executing

Multiple Choice

In memory addressing, each location is identified by:

• A binary instruction

• A unique memory address

• The CPU clock speed

• The bus width

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes RAM?

• Non-volatile, retains contents when power is off

• Volatile, contents are lost when power is off

• Stores only input devices

• Contains BIOS permanently

Multiple Choice

Programs permanently stored in ROM are known as:

• Cache

• Firmware

• Virtual memory

• Applications

Multiple Choice

Which firmware system has largely replaced the BIOS in modern computers?

• HTTP

• UEFI

• ROM

• RAM

Multiple Choice

What visible feature connects the chips on older circuit boards like the Sinclair ZX81?

• Plastic casing

• Parallel silver tracks (buses)

• Cooling fans

• Power supply cables

Multiple Choice

In the Raspberry Pi, the central chip combines:

• ROM and cache

• CPU, RAM, and some I/O functions

• CPU and GPU only

• Cache and firmware

Multiple Choice

Cache memory is primarily used between:

• CPU and I/O devices

• CPU and RAM

• RAM and hard drive

• Input and output devices

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is TRUE about cache memory?

• It is large and cheap

• It is small and expensive

• It is stored permanently in ROM

• It replaces virtual memory

Multiple Choice

What happens when frequently used data is loaded from RAM into the cache?

• The CPU slows down

• The CPU can access it at faster speed

• The data is deleted permanently

• The cache becomes volatile

Multiple Choice

The main purpose of cache memory in relation to the CPU is to:

• Increase storage capacity

• Avoid waiting for slower RAM

• Replace ROM

• Eliminate the need for input devices

Multiple Choice

In computer science vocabulary, what does the term chunk usually refer to?

• • A memory address

• • A single binary digit

• • Quite a large amount of something

• • A bottleneck in performance

Multiple Choice

What is a “cache miss”?

• • Data requested is not found in cache memory

• • Cache memory is full

• • Cache is faster than CPU

• • CPU rejects cache data

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the central unit that executes instructions in a computer?

• • Microprocessor

• • Cache

• • Memory bus

• • Firmware

Multiple Choice

A “bottleneck” in computing refers to:

• A CPU malfunction

• A point where a process cannot handle further demand

• A memory address overflow

• A corrupted storage block

Multiple Choice

What does the operating system do when the RAM becomes full?

• It shuts down the computer

• It deletes unused programs automatically

• It uses virtual memory by swapping data to the hard disk

• It prevents any new programs from running

Multiple Choice

What is the main disadvantage of using virtual memory?

• It makes programs run faster

• It causes performance to drop due to slower hard drive access

• It increases the storage capacity of RAM

• It prevents disk thrashing

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) inside the CPU?

• To store memory addresses temporarily

• To control the flow of data between components

• To perform calculations and logic operations

• To fetch instructions from memory

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the program counter register in the CPU?

• It stores the results of calculations

• It holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

• It holds the instruction currently being executed

• It controls the clock speed of the CPU

Multiple Choice

Which register holds the results of calculations performed by the ALU?

• Program Counter

• Current Instruction Register

• Accumulator

• Memory Address Register

Multiple Choice

Which CPU component is responsible for organising the actions of the other parts of the CPU?

• Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

• Register

• Control Unit

• Clock

Multiple Choice

What does a greater bus width allow a computer to do?

• A) Perform more calculations per second

• B) Communicate larger number values

• C) Store more instructions in registers

• D) Increase the speed of the clock

Multiple Choice

Which bus carries memory addresses between the CPU and memory to identify a memory location?

• A) Data Bus

• B) Address Bus

• C) Control Bus

• D) System Bus

Multiple Choice

Which bus carries the actual data values to be read from or written to memory?

• A) Data Bus

• B) Address Bus

• C) Control Bus

• D) System Bus

Multiple Choice

What is one disadvantage of increasing a CPU’s clock speed?

• A) It reduces the number of instructions processed

• B) It lowers the temperature of the processor

• C) It generates more heat that requires better cooling

• D) It decreases the performance of the ALU

Multiple Choice

What does a multicore processor contain?

• A) Several CPUs working together

• B) One CPU with more than one processor core

• C) Multiple ALUs inside a single register

• D) Several control units but no ALU

Multiple Choice

What is the common name for a processor with 4 cores?

• A) Dual-core

• B) Quad-core

• C) Penta-core

• D) Octa-core

Multiple Choice

What is it called when multiple cores work together on the same program at the same time?

• A) Multitasking

• B) Sequential processing

• C) Parallel processing

• D) Pipelining

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of cache memory inside or near the CPU?

• A) To permanently store programs

• B) To hold the operating system

• C) To store recently used data for faster access than RAM

• 
  
  
  D) To replace the arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is used as a temporary data store so data can be accessed very quickly when needed?

• A) Static RAM (SRAM)

• B) Cache

• C) Multicore processor

• D) Dual-core processor

Multiple Choice

Which type of memory is used to build cache because it is faster than main RAM?

• A) DRAM

• B) Flash memory

• C) Static RAM (SRAM)

• D) Virtual memory

Multiple Choice

Which level of cache is the fastest but smallest?

• A) Level 1 (L1) cache

• B) Level 2 (L2) cache

• C) Level 3 (L3) cache

• D) Main RAM

Multiple Choice

In a multicore processor, which cache level is usually shared by all cores?

• A) Level 1 (L1) cache

• B) Level 2 (L2) cache

• C) Level 3 (L3) cache

• D) Static RAM (SRAM)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of secondary storage?

• A) RAM

• B) Cache

• C) Hard disk drive

• D) Registers

Multiple Choice

Which type of secondary storage works by using differences in light reflection from a material?

• A) Magnetic storage

• B) Optical storage

• C) Solid-state storage

• D) Secondary storage

Multiple Choice

In a magnetic hard disk, what is the purpose of the platters?

• A) To hold the read/write heads

• B) To spin and store data magnetically in tracks and sectors

• C) To translate binary into electrical signals

• D) To reduce latency when accessing data

Multiple Choice

In magnetic hard disks, what does the term latency refer to?

A) The speed of the disk platters

• A) The speed of the disk platters

• B) The delay caused while locating and accessing the required data

• C) The capacity of the hard disk

• D) The number of tracks per platter

Multiple Choice

How is data stored on a DVD?

• A) In magnetic tracks and sectors

• B) Along a single spiral track using reflective surfaces

• C) Inside electronic circuits as trapped charges

• D) In rotating platters coated with magnets

Multiple Choice

In optical storage like CDs, how is data represented on the disk surface?

• By magnetic north and south poles

• By pits and lands that reflect light differently

• By electrical charges trapped in cells

• By rotating platters with sectors

Multiple Choice

What role does the reflective layer in a DVD play during the reading process?

• a) It stores the non-reflective pits created during writing

• b) It ensures the laser reflects differently for pits and lands

• c) It controls the spiral groove movement of the disk

• d) It prevents the disk from overheating

Multiple Choice

Why does the DVD drive reduce its rotation speed when reading data from the outer edge of the disk?

• a) To prevent the reflective layer from overheating

• b) To ensure data passes under the laser at a constant speed

• c) To avoid damaging the recording material

• d) To allow the protective material to stabilize

Multiple Select

What creates the non-reflective pits on the surface of a DVD during writing?

• a) The reflective layer

• b) A light sensor detecting signals

• c) A laser heating the recording material

• d) The control groove (spiral)

Multiple Choice

What do electrons in a pool represent in NAND flash memory?

• a) 1s

• b) 0s

• c) Control signals

• d) Voltage levels

Multiple Choice

Why are solid-state storage devices faster than hard disks?

• a) They use reflective layers instead of magnets

• b) They spin at higher speeds

• c) They contain billions of transistors that allow direct access to data

• d) They store data in optical pits and lands

Multiple Choice

What happens when the electron pool of a transistor is empty?

• a) A 0 is read out because the transistor doesn’t turn on

• b) A 1 is read out because the transistor turns on

• c) No data is recorded

• d) The control signals stop reading bits

Multiple Choice

Why can flash drives only be rewritten about 1 million times before failing?

• a) The storage cells lose their reflective surface

• b) Writing and erasing gradually damage the transistors

• c) The magnetic coating wears away

• d) The memory stick loses its capacity over time

Multiple Choice

What new technology is HP testing for memory storage?

• a) Racetrack memory

• b) Quantum computing qubits

• c) Memristors

• d) Optical storage layers

Multiple Choice

What is a qubit in quantum computing?

• a) A transistor storing a single 1 or 0

• b) A unit of storage based on reflective pits and lands

• c) An individual atom capable of storing and processing more than 1 bit at once

• d) A rotating disk sector that holds binary data

Multiple Choice

A file server allows multiple computers to share secondary storage across a network.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Cloud storage always requires you to be sitting at your usual computer to access your files.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the main advantage of using cloud storage or network-attached storage (NAS)?

• a) It is faster than solid-state storage

• b) It allows access to data from different locations and devices

• c) It never requires a backup system

• d) It stores data permanently without electricity

Multiple Choice

Why is a Storage Area Network (SAN) especially useful in systems like banking?

• a) It automatically deletes unused files

• b) It reduces the need for internet connections

• c) It ensures continuous access to data if one server or disk fails

• d) It makes data load faster by using DVDs

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of network-attached storage (NAS)?

• a) A USB flash drive plugged into your laptop

• b) A hard-disk drive that connects directly to a network

• c) A CD-ROM in a desktop computer

• d) A memory card in a camera

Multiple Choice

Why is a Storage Area Network (SAN) useful?

• a) It allows sharing of music and videos online.

• b) It prevents access to data from other users.

• c) It ensures no loss of access if one server or hard disk fails.

• d) It makes your local computer run faster.

Multiple Choice

What does the term virtualisation mean in the context of cloud storage?

• a) Storing data only on a single physical hard drive

• b) Creating a backup copy of data on DVDs

• c) Presenting storage as one virtual drive while data is spread across multiple servers

• d) Moving all data to a local computer for faster access

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes cloud storage?

• a) Storage located on the same physical device as RAM/ROM

• b) Storage accessed via a local hard disk drive only

• c) Secondary storage accessed over the Internet, often provided by a third party

• d) Storage that can only be accessed without an Internet connection

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a disadvantage of cloud storage?

• a) The data is securely backed up by the storage provider

• b) You can access your data from anywhere using a web browser

• c) You may lose access to your data if you lose your Internet connection

• d) You don’t need to transfer your data when getting a new computer

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an embedded system?

• a) A high-performance general-purpose computer used for multiple applications

• b) A computer system designed to do a specific job, often as part of a larger device

• c) A laptop with unlimited memory and processing power

• d) A desktop computer that can run many programs simultaneously

Multiple Choice

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of everyday devices embedded with computing and communication technology.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of IoT in daily life?

• a) Running a word processor on a laptop

• b) A smartphone sending a text message

• c) A fridge that detects low milk supply and notifies the user

• d) Playing a video game offline on a console

Multiple Choice

Which factor does NOT directly affect the performance of a CPU?

• a) Clock speed

• b) Number of processor cores

• c) Size of cache

• d) Screen resolution

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the use of logic in algorithms and programs?

• a) To decorate code with colors and symbols

• b) To evaluate outputs using rules and truth tables based on inputs

• c) To store images and sound files in memory

• d) To convert programs into machine language

Multiple Choice

what happens when health is greater than 0?

• a) The game ends immediately

• b) The condition is false, so the command is not executed

• c) The program restarts automatically

• d) The command game_over TO true is executed anyway

Multiple Choice

when will the game be set to "over"?

• a) When health is less than or equal to 0

• b) When lives are equal to 0

• c) When either health is 0 or lives are 0

• d) Only when health is less than or equal to 0 and lives are equal to 0

Multiple Choice

According to the truth table for the AND operator, when will the game be over?

• a) When health ≤ 0

• b) When lives = 0

• c) When either health ≤ 0 or lives = 0

• d) Only when health ≤ 0 and lives = 0

Multiple Choice

A truth table shows all possible combinations of inputs and their corresponding outputs.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A __________ value can only be True or False.

• AND

• OR

• Boolean

• Truth table

Multiple Choice

In a truth table for the OR operator, the outcome is true if either one of the conditions is true.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the NOT operator?

• a) It outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1

• b) It outputs 0 only if both inputs are 0

• c) It swaps the input values: 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0

• d) It outputs 1 if either input is true

Multiple Choice

The game will end if GOD_MODE = 1, regardless of the values of HEALTH or SCORE.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following shows the correct order of precedence for logical operators?

• a) AND, OR, NOT, brackets

• b) NOT, AND, OR, brackets

• c) brackets, NOT, AND, OR

• d) brackets, AND, OR, NOT

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a function of an operating system?

• a) Designing computer hardware

• b) Managing files, processes, and hardware

• c) Compressing data only

• d) Scanning for viruses

Multiple Choice

Application software refers to programs like word processors and spreadsheets that perform specific tasks for the user.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of system software?

• a) Spreadsheet

• b) Word processor

• c) Operating system

• d) Presentation software

Multiple Choice

System software is a combination of:

• a) Application software and games

• b) Operating system and utility software

• c) Word processor and spreadsheet

• d) Antivirus and presentation software

Multiple Choice

Which type of software is designed to manage other programs’ access to hardware?

• a) Application software

• b) Utility software

• c) Operating system

• d) Firmware

Multiple Choice

Utility software is essential for the operating system to function.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not an example of an operating system?

• a) Windows

• b) Linux

• c) iOS

• d) Chrome web browser

Multiple Choice

Why won’t the same apps run on both Android and iOS devices?

• a) Because Android hardware is faster than iOS hardware

• b) Because apps must be written for a particular operating system

• c) Because iOS devices cannot connect to the internet

• d) Because Android apps use more storage

Multiple Choice

An operating system manages the input and output devices connected to a computer.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the main role of scheduling in an operating system?

• a) To permanently store data on the hard disk

• b) To allow multiple users to log in simultaneously

• c) To let each program use the CPU for a short time before switching to the next program

• d) To increase the size of RAM

Multiple Choice

What might you notice on your computer when paging occurs frequently?

• a) Faster CPU performance

• b) A lot of disk activity and slower performance

• c) Permanent increase in RAM capacity

• d) Reduced need for scheduling

Multiple Choice

What does an API (Application Programming Interface) allow?

• a) The OS to schedule processes

• b) Programs to communicate with each other

• c) The OS to manage RAM and disk space

• d) The CPU to switch between tasks

Multiple Choice

Paging in an operating system is mainly used when:

• a) The CPU overheats

• b) The hard disk fails

• c) The main memory (RAM) is full

• d) The operating system boots up

Multiple Choice

Scheduling is the algorithm the OS uses to manage how each running process uses the CPU.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

An operating system manages the input and output devices connected to a computer.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which tool or command would you use to view running processes on Linux?

• a) Task Manager

• b) ps aux

• c) Activity Monitor

• d) CTRL-ALT-DEL

Multiple Choice

In addition to the applications you are running, what else does the operating system run in the background?

• a) Only the web browser

• b) Various parts of the operating system itself and hardware drivers

• c) Just the antivirus software

• d) Only user-installed applications

Multiple Choice

In Microsoft Windows, pressing CTRL-ALT-DEL and selecting Task Manager allows you to see all running processes, including background ones.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

In a multitasking operating system, processes are executed truly at the same time by the CPU, not just concurrently.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following information about hardware usage is typically displayed for each process?

• a) The proportion of CPU time spent on the process

• b) The amount of memory used by the process

• c) The amount of available memory (real and virtual)

• d) All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the term used when a user must provide a username, password, or fingerprint to prove their identity in a multi-user system?

• a) Authorization

• b) Authentication

• c) Validation

• d) Encryption

Multiple Choice

In a multi-user system, all users automatically have the same access rights and privileges.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a graphical user interface (GUI)?

• a) MS DOS

• b) Microsoft Windows

• c) Command Line Interface (CLI)

• d) Linux terminal

Multiple Choice

A web server computer might only need a command-line interface since it is usually managed by technicians.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT typically a category of utility software?

• a) Basic tools

• b) File management

• c) Security

• d) Web browsing

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a basic utility tool?

• a) Text editor

• b) Antivirus

• c)c) Firewall Security

• d) File back-up

Multiple Choice

Utility software is essential to the operating system and must always be installed for a computer to run.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which file management tool helps to make a second copy of your files in case the original is lost?

• a) Defragmenter

• b) Back-up software

• c) Compression tool

• d) Spyware

Multiple Choice

A Defragmenter is a utility that moves file clusters on a disk so they are closer together in order to speed up disk access.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Compression tools reduce the size of files to save storage space, but compressed files may take longer to open.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

I sit between the internet and the network. I protect the network, by blocking viruses, malware and worms. I can be both hardware and software

• Router

• Firewall

• Ethernet Cable

• Modem

Match

Match the following

• the identification of a user based on what a person knows

• scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt

• small electronic devices with imbedded chips that can store information and can act as an identification instrument.

• Hardware and/or software that guards a private network by analyzing incomming and outgoing information for appropriate markings.

passwords

encryption

smart card

firewall

• passwords

• encryption

• smart card

• firewall

Multiple Choice

Encryption software can prevent unauthorized access by making files unreadable without the correct password.

• True

• False

Match

Match the each term with its correct definition:

• Virus

• Spyware

• Firewall

• Cluster

c) Software that copies itself, usually

b) A program designed to secretly record

d) Utility that controls program access

a) A group of things stored together of

• c) Software that copies itself, usually

• b) A program designed to secretly record

• d) Utility that controls program access

• a) A group of things stored together of

Drag and Drop

a) Groups of data pieces stored together on a disk​ ​ ​

Placeholder

b) Software that reduces file size to save storage space​

Placeholder

c) Utility that rearranges file pieces so they are stored closer together on a disk​ ​

Placeholder

d) Files consisting of more than one medium such as sound, text, images, or video​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Cluster

Compression tool

Defragmenter

Multimedia

Multiple Choice

What is the main advantage of using computer simulations in science and engineering?

• a) They eliminate the need for real-world experiments completely

• b) They allow testing of scenarios that may be impossible or unethical in real life

• c) They guarantee perfectly accurate predictions of future outcomes

• d) They are faster and cheaper but less reliable than real-world experiments

Multiple Choice

Computer models always provide completely accurate answers because they include every possible factor from the real world.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the primary purpose of a flight simulator?

• a) To test new aircraft designs in real-world conditions

• b) To allow pilots to train safely without real-world risks

• c) To measure air traffic patterns

• d) To simulate passenger experiences

Multiple Choice

Which factor is NOT typically tracked by atmospheric computer models?

• a) Temperature

• b) Pressure

• c) Humidity

• d) Passenger comfort

Multiple Choice

Which of the following techniques is associated with carrying out statistical analysis using random samples?

• a) Neural networks

• b) Monte Carlo method

• c) Heuristics

• d) Trial and error

Multiple Choice

Neural networks process information in a way similar to the human brain and can adapt over time.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Atmospheric models used in weather forecasting are simple and require very little computation.

• True

• False

Match

Match the term with its description:

• Uses educated guesswork to cut corners

• Uses random samples for approximate solutions

• Mimics human brain processing

Heuristic

Monte Carlo method

Uses random samples for approximate solu

• Heuristic

• Monte Carlo method

• Uses random samples for approximate solu

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system (OS)?

• a) Managing hardware devices

• b) Providing the user interface

• c) Performing specific user tasks such as writing a report

• Sharing CPU and memory resources between processes

Multiple Choice

Computer models always give completely reliable results because they include every real-world factor.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Why do programmers use high-level or low-level programming languages instead of writing directly in machine code?

• a) Machine code is too complex for humans to use

• b) High-level languages run faster than machine code

• c) Computers cannot understand machine code

• d) Machine code does not interact with hardware

Multiple Choice

What is the set of simple instructions that a CPU understands, represented in binary, called?

• a) Machine language

• b) Instruction set

• c) Assembly code

• d) High-level program

Multiple Choice

A machine code program consists of binary codes that represent the instructions executed by the CPU.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the role of a translator in programming?

• a) Convert machine code into binary numbers

• b) Convert source code into machine code

• c) Store programs in memory

• d) Execute programs directly

Multiple Choice

What type of programming language is assembly language classified as?

• a) High-level programming language

• b) Scripting language

• c) Low-level programming language

• d) Machine code

Multiple Choice

What is a mnemonic in assembly language?

• a) A type of binary instruction for the CPU

• b) A short, memorable keyword representing a machine code instruction

• c) A storage location in RAM

• d) A high-level programming statement

Multiple Choice

Why is assembly language easier to use than machine code?

• a) It runs faster than machine code

• b) It allows programmers to write in English sentences

• c) Instructions are represented by short keywords instead of long binary codes

• d) It eliminates the need for an assembler

Drag and Drop

Text of the program that a programmer writes​ ​

Placeholder

Translates mnemonics of assembly programs into machine code instructions​ ​

Placeholder

A short acronym representing instructions in the CPU’s set, e.g., LDR, STR, CMP​

Placeholder

Hardware/software that makes one type of computer system behave like another​

Placeholder

The list of all possible commands a CPU knows how to execute​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Source code

Assembler

Mnemonic

Emulator

Instruction set

Fill in the Blank

Restarting a device, e.g., turning it off and on again

Multiple Choice

Debugging in assembly language is simple and straightforward because errors are easy to trace.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Why are programs rarely written in assembly language today?

• a) Assembly language can only be used on smartphones.

• b) It is too slow compared to high-level languages.

• c) It is complex, limited, and difficult to debug.

• d) It cannot run on embedded systems.

Drag and Drop

The original text of the program written by the programmer.​ ​

Placeholder

Translates the entire program into machine code in one go and produces an executable file.​

Placeholder

The machine code output produced by a compiler, often saved as an .exe file.​

Placeholder

Translates and runs a program one line at a time without producing a separate executable file.​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Source code

Compiler

Object code

Interpreter

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about interpreters?

• a) They produce object code that can run on any similar computer.

• b) They find errors when they happen and can often tell you what went wrong.

• c) They report all errors only after the entire program is written.

• d) They make it easier to protect code from being copied.

Multiple Choice

Why might programs run slower when using an interpreter?

• a) Because interpreters must translate the source code line by line while the program is running.

• b) Because interpreters require the entire program to be correct before execution.

• c) Because interpreters produce object code that takes longer to execute.

• d) Because interpreters automatically optimize machine code.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the only language that CPUs can directly run?

• a) Assembly language

• b) High-level language

• c) Machine code

• d) Source code

Open Ended

What is the role of an assembler in programming?

Drag and Drop

The Control Unit provides several functions:

it ​

Placeholder

, ​

Placeholder

and ​

Placeholder

instructions and it issues control signals that control hardware. It also moves ​

Placeholder

around the system.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

fetches

decodes

executes

data

switches

binary

prints

imports

exports

Multiple Choice

What enables different parts of the CPU to work on different tasks at the same time

• Hyper Threading
• Multiplier
• Cores
• Bus Speed

Multiple Choice

Is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used

• ROM
• USB
• Hard Disk
• RAM

Multiple Choice

Java program is

• Interpreted

• Compiled

Multiple Choice

_________________ is giving the computer a set of commands.

• Debugging

• Programming

• the Internet

• Karel

Multiple Choice

What is the only thing that computers understand?

• Machine Code
• Low Level Languages
• High Level Languages
• Algorithms

Multiple Choice

A compiler converts

• High level language to machine language

• source code to object code

• Both 1) and 2)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a programming language?

• C++

• C

• Java

• Windows

Multiple Choice

A program that translates each code instruction "on the fly" when the code is executed without looking at the entire program of code.

• Syntax
• Compiler
• Interpreter
• Instructions

Multiple Choice

4. Which of the following does not translate the entire program at once?

• Interpreter

• Compiler

• Both a and b