Chapter 15 new

Have you ever seen something that looked so real that you had to touch it to see if it was really real?

Each material has its own properties.

The properties of materials can be used to classify them into general categories.

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Matter is something that has mass and takes up space.

For example, you, candy, plants and planets are all matter.

Even some of the things that you can’t see, like air and other gasses are matter.

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​What is Matter

•Table salt is a chemical compound that fits this description. Even though it looks like white crystals and adds flavor to food, its components—sodium and chlorine—are neither white nor salty.

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•Are pizza and a soft drink one of your favorite meals?

•If so, you enjoy two foods that are classified  as MIXTURES. 

•BUT two different kinds of mixtures

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Most of the substances you come in contact with every day are heterogeneous mixtures.  Some components are easy to see, like the ingredients in pizza, but others are not.

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Remember that soft drink you had with your pizza?

Soft drinks contain water, sugar, flavoring, coloring and carbon dioxide gas. 

Soft drinks in sealed bottles are examples of homogeneous mixtures

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Another name for homogeneous mixtures like a cold soft drink is SOLUTION.

A SOLUTION is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container.

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Paint is an example of a liquid with suspended colloid particles. 

Fogconsists of particles of water suspended in air.

Smokecontains solids suspended in air.

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This scattering of light by colloidal particles is called the Tyndall effect.

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light beam is invisible as it passes through a solution, but can be seen readily as it passes through a colloid.  This occurs because the particles in the colloid are large enough to scatter light, but those in the solution are not.

Multiple Choice

What type of mixture is this?

• homogenous mixture
• chemical
• heterogeneous mixture 
• solid mix

Multiple Choice

A substance with two or more elements that are combined in a fixed proportion

• colloid
• compound
• element
• solution

Multiple Choice

A substance in which all the atoms are the same

• colloid
• homogeneous mixture
• solution
• element

Multiple Choice

A mixture in which different materials can be identified easily

• element
• heterogeneous mixture
• homogeneous mixture
• solution

Multiple Choice

A mixture that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout

• heterogeneous mixture
• homogeneous mixture
• suspension
• colloid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an element?

• Sugar
• Salt
• Water
• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

This picture represents which of the following?

• element
• compound
• mixture

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a colloid

• smoke

• oxygen

• water

• salt

Multiple Choice

How many elements are found on Earth?

• 5

• 10

• 30

• 90

Multiple Choice

A substance is ___________

• always an element

• always a compound

• either an element or a compound

• Mixture of compounds

Multiple Choice

What is water

• Element

• Compound

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

Multiple Choice

What is pepperoni pizza

• heterogeneous

• homogeneous

Multiple Choice

what is air

• element

• compound

• heterogeneous

• homogeneous

Multiple Choice

Sand in Water

• Solution

• Suspension

• Colloid

Multiple Choice

Kool-Aid

• Solution

• Suspension

• Colloid

Multiple Choice

Water is a compound because it

• can not be broken down into simpler substances
• always has two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom
• is made of water atoms joined together
• is heterogeneous

Multiple Choice

If a material contains three elements joined in a fixed proportion, it is a(an)

• mixture
• solution
• atom
• compound

Multiple Choice

Compounds have properties different from the elements that make it up.

• Agree

• Disagree

Multiple Choice

Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance

• Elements

• Compounds

• Both

Multiple Choice

This picture represents which of the following?

• element

• compound

Multiple Choice

This picture represents which of the following?

• element

• compound

•You can stretch a rubber band, but you can’t stretch a piece of string very much.

•You can bend a piece of wire, but you can’t easily bend a matchstick.

•In each case, the materials change shape, but the identity of the substances –rubber, string, wire and wood –does not change.

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•How would you describe a tennis ball?  You could begin by describing its shape, color, and state of matter.

•You can measure some physical properties, too.  For instance, you could measure the diameter of the ball.

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•How would you describe a soft drink in a cup?

•You could start with color.

•You could measure its volume and temperature.

•These are physical properties of the drink

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•When a substance freezes, boils, evaporates, or condenses, it undergoes physical changes.

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•Burning produces new substances during a chemical change.

•CHEMICAL PROPERTY -   is a characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.

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•A less dramatic chemical change can affect some medicines.

•Many medicine bottles are stored in dark bottles because they contain compounds that can change chemically if they are exposed to light.

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Multiple Choice

When something burns?

• Chemical change

• Physical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When something melts?

• No change

• Physical change

• Chemical change

Multiple Choice

When substances react with each other and new substances are formed?

• Physical change

• No change

• Chemical change

Multiple Choice

When food spoils?

• Physical change

• Chemical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When something sparks or explodes?

• Chemical change

• Physical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When something is cooked or baked?

• No change

• Physical change

• Chemical change

Multiple Choice

When metals rust due to oxidation?

• Chemical change

• Physical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When something bubbles or fizzes? (not the same as boiling)

• Physical change

• Chemical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When something is broken, cut, torn, or squeezed?

• No change

• Chemical change

• Physical change

Multiple Choice

What is a physical property of these strawberries?

• Red

• Rotten

• Flammable

Multiple Choice

What is a chemical property of paper?

• Flammable

• White

• Light

Multiple Choice

Is toasting bread a physical or chemical change?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Which one of these is a chemical property?

• melting point
• boiling point
• color
• flammability

Multiple Choice

Ability to rust is this type of property:

• Physical property
• Chemical property

Multiple Choice

When something is dissolved into a liquid?

• Physical change

• Chemical change

• No change

Multiple Choice

When you break a cracker into pieces it is a...

• Chemical change
• Physical change

Multiple Choice

Food Digestion

• Physical change

• Chemical change

Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.

Solids have a definite shapeand a definite volume.

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Solid

A solution is a mixture that has the same composition, color, density, and even taste throughout.

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•To describe a solution, you may say that one substance is dissolved in another.

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Solutes and Solvents

•When a solid dissolves in a liquid, the solid is the solute and the liquid is the solvent.

•The substance being dissolved is the solute, and the substance doing the dissolving is the solvent.

•In salt water, salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

•In carbonated soft drinks, carbon dioxide gas is one of the solutes and water is the solvent.

•When a liquid dissolves in another liquid the substance present in the larger amount is usually called the solvent.

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Multiple Choice

The amount of heat needed to change 1 gram of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase is ___

• Heat of Vaporization

• Boiling point

• Heat Energy

• Phase change

Multiple Choice

A solid

• has particles that are far apart

• has a size and shape of its own

• takes the shape of its container

Multiple Choice

All _______ can move and flow.

• liquids

• solids

• gases

Multiple Choice

In general, the particles of a liquid are __________ tightly packed than those in a solid.

• more

• less

Multiple Choice

The particles in a gas are ___________ apart than those of solids or liquids.

• farther

• never

Multiple Choice

The picture shows...

• a solid

• a liquid

• a gas

Multiple Choice

The picture shows...

• a solid

• a liquid

• a gas

Multiple Choice

The picture shows...

• a solid

• a liquid

• a gas

Multiple Choice

The state of matter depends on its

• volume

• temperature

• weight

• mass

Multiple Choice

What must be done to change water from liquid to solid?

• Raise the temperature.

• Lower the temperature.

Multiple Choice

state of matter that can be poured; takes the shape of its container

• solid
• liquid
• gas

Multiple Choice

state of matter that spreads out to completely fill its container

• solid
• liquid
• gas
• water

Multiple Choice

The Temperature when a liquid turns to a solid

• freezing point

• heat of fusion

• thermal expansion

• melting point

Multiple Choice

the temperature at which liquid water changes into solid ice
CHOOSE THE WRONG ANSWER

• 32^o F
• boiling point
• freezing point
• 0^o C

Multiple Choice

the temperature at which liquid water changes into water vapor (gas)
CHOOSE THE WRONG ANSWER

• boiling point
• freezing point
• 212^o F
• 100^o C

Multiple Choice

In a _______ the molecules are close together.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Multiple Choice

What phase of matter exists in part D of the graph?

• Gas

• Liquid

• Solid

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a solvent

• saturated

• unsaturated

• supersaturated

Multiple Choice

The liquid in which the material is dissolved

• solute

• solution

• solvent

• solubility

Multiple Choice

The solid that is being dissolved

• solute

• solvent

• solution

• solubility

Multiple Choice

Anything that takes up space and has mass is

• Matter

• Volume

• Liquid

• Atom

Multiple Choice

the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent

• solubility

• conductivity

Multiple Choice

Temperature when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

• freezing point

• heat of fusion

• thermal expansion

• melting point

Multiple Choice

What is happening to the particles in the substance between points D and E?

• Melting

• Freezing

• Vaporizing

• Sublimating

Multiple Choice

The melting point of the sample is

• -60 ºC

• -100 ºC

• 60 ºC

• 100 ºC

Multiple Choice

Which factor affects solubility?

• Temperature

• State of Matter

Multiple Choice

To increase the solubility of a solid, what should you do to the temperature of the solvent ?

• Increase the temperature of the solvent.

• Decrease the temperature of the solvent.