2.3 Cell Differentiation & 2.4 Cell Cycle

Multiple Choice

Which type of stem cell is capable of becoming any cell type in the body?

• Totipotent

• Pluripotent

• Multipotent

• Unipotent

Multiple Choice

Which type of stem cell has the potential to differentiate into a new individual organism?

• Totipotent

• Multipotent

• Unipotent

• Differentiated

Multiple Choice

Cells differentiate to perform different functions because

• all genes are turned on inside that cell

• all genes are turned off inside that cell

• different genes are turned on inside that cell

• different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 

• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 

• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 

• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

Multiple Choice

What is one goal of cellular differentiation/specialization?

• To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.

• To many cells.

• To make stem cells

• to make single celled organisms

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes Specialized Cells?

• They can divide rapidly

• They are identical to all other cells in the organism

• They have specific structures and functions

• They are only found in cancerous cells

Open Ended

Explain how epigenetic modifications can influence cell differentiation.

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of telomerase in the process of mitosis?

• To align chromosomes during metaphase

• To initiate cytokinesis in telophase

• To prevent the shortening of telomeres in totipotent cells

• To separate chromosomes during anaphase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the process of DNA transcription?

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA, builds mRNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

• DNA polymerase binds to mRNA, builds DNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

• RNA polymerase binds to mRNA, builds DNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

• DNA polymerase binds to DNA, builds mRNA with complementary bases, and stops at a termination sequence.

Multiple Choice

The parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein, but can be important in gene modification and regulation, are called?

• introns
• exons
• codons
• anticodons

Multiple Choice

What is the small unit (monomer) that makes up proteins?

• Amino acids

• Polypeptides

• Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about translation and protein synthesis are correct?

• mRNA binds to a ribosome to initiate translation.

• tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during elongation.

• Polypeptide bonds form between amino acids to create a chain.

• Transcription factors regulate protein folding.

Multiple Choice

What is a peptide bond?

• Bond that holds two amino acids together.
• A bond that holds hydrogen and oxygen molecules together.
• A bond that holds the phosphate group of one nucleotide and a sugar of a neighboring nucleotide.
• A bond that is formed by the sharing of electrons.

Dropdown

The way a protein is folded determines the ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

What are the functions of genes?

• instructions for producing proteins
• instructions for producing DNA
• instructions for producing lipids
• they have no function