Periodic Table & Periodic Trends

Open Ended

Why is the periodic law important for understanding the properties of elements?

Multiple Choice

Who created the first periodic table and what was the basis for its arrangement?

• Dmitri Mendeleev, increasing atomic mass

• Henry Moseley, increasing atomic number

• Dmitri Mendeleev, increasing atomic number

• Henry Moseley, increasing atomic mass

Open Ended

How did Mendeleev's periodic table account for elements that had not yet been discovered?

Multiple Choice

What was the main difference between Mendeleev's and Moseley's arrangement of the periodic table?

• Mendeleev used atomic mass, Moseley used atomic number

• Mendeleev used atomic number, Moseley used atomic mass

• Both used atomic mass

• Both used atomic number

Multiple Choice

Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?

• Along the zig-zag line

• To the left of the zig-zag line

• To the right of the zig-zag line

• At the bottom of the table

Multiple Select

Which of the following are characteristics of metals?

• Shiny

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

• Brittle

• Malleable

Multiple Select

Select all correct statements about the stability and reactivity of atoms with respect to their outer electron configuration.

• Atoms with eight electrons in their outer energy level are stable and non-reactive.

• Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in their outer energy level tend to gain or lose electrons to become stable.

• Atoms with eight electrons in their outer energy level are highly reactive.

• Atoms with a full outer energy level do not form ions easily.

Multiple Choice

What is the octet rule and why do atoms tend to gain or lose electrons according to this rule?

• The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outer energy level, making them stable.

• The octet rule states that atoms always have eight protons in their nucleus.

• The octet rule states that atoms tend to lose all their electrons to become stable.

• The octet rule states that atoms do not interact with other atoms.

Open Ended

Compare how metals and nonmetals form ions, using sodium and oxygen as examples.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about ionization energy (IE) is correct?

• Metals have low IE because they tend to lose electrons easily.

• Nonmetals have low IE because they tend to gain electrons easily.

• Metals have high IE because they tend to gain electrons.

• Nonmetals have low IE because they lose electrons easily.

Multiple Choice

As you go down a group in the periodic table, why does ionization energy decrease?

• Because the outer electrons get further from the nucleus and are shielded by inner electrons.

• Because the number of protons decreases.

• Because the atoms become smaller.

• Because electrons are added to the nucleus.

Open Ended

Explain how the shielding effect influences the tendency of elements lower in a group to lose electrons.

Multiple Choice

Which element among Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs has the greatest shielding effect, and why?

• Li, because it has the fewest energy levels

• Na, because it is in the middle of the group

• Cs, because it has the most energy levels

• K, because it is larger than Na but smaller than Rb

Multiple Choice

Which of the following electron configurations would result in a higher ionization energy (IE)?

• s2p6

• s2p4

• s1

• p3

Multiple Choice

As you move across a period from metals to nonmetals, what happens to ionization energy (IE) and why?

• IE increases because atoms lose electrons more easily

• IE decreases because atoms gain electrons more easily

• IE increases because atoms hold onto electrons more tightly

• IE stays the same because electron configuration does not change

Open Ended

Describe the general trend of atomic radius as you move down a group and across a period in the periodic table.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why the atomic radius generally increases as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• The number of energy levels increases, causing the outer electrons to be farther from the nucleus.

• The number of protons decreases, reducing the nuclear pull.

• The number of neutrons increases, making the atom larger.

• The number of electrons in the outer shell decreases.

Open Ended

Explain how the formation of a cation and an anion affects the size of an atom, using sodium and chlorine as examples.

Open Ended

How does understanding the periodic law help you make sense of the organization of the periodic table?

Multiple Choice

What does the periodic law state about the properties of elements?

• They are random and unpredictable.

• They are a periodic function of their atomic number.

• They depend only on the mass of the element.

• They change only with temperature.