Biology Notes_ Macromolecules

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

• A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms

• A bond formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another

• A bond formed by the attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atoms

• A bond formed by the sharing of protons

Multiple Choice

Why are valence electrons important in the formation of chemical bonds?

• Valence electrons are responsible for the color of substances.
• Valence electrons only exist in noble gases.
• Valence electrons are important because they determine how atoms bond with each other.
• Valence electrons are irrelevant to chemical reactions.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about carbon are correct?

• Carbon has 4 valence electrons.

• Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds.

• Carbon is found in all organic substances.

• Carbon is a metal.

Multiple Choice

Explain why carbon is considered essential for life and how its atomic structure contributes to its role in organic molecules.

• Carbon is essential for life due to its unique atomic structure, which allows it to form diverse and complex organic molecules.
• Carbon is only found in inorganic compounds and is not essential for life.
• Carbon's atomic structure prevents it from forming bonds with other elements.
• Carbon is a metal that does not play a role in organic molecules.

Multiple Choice

Which element is found in all four major classes of organic macromolecules?

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Phosphorus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are the four major classes of organic macromolecules containing carbon?

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Proteins, Minerals

• Lipids, Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, Water

• Proteins, Sugars, Fats, Nucleic Acids

Open Ended

Describe one similarity and one difference between carbohydrates and lipids based on their structure and function.

Multiple Choice

The main function of proteins in the cell is to ___ reactions and provide structural support.

• decompose
• transport
• store
• catalyze

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

• Monomers are large molecules made of polymers.

• Polymers are single building blocks of monomers.

• Monomers are small molecules that combine to form polymers.

• Polymers and monomers are unrelated.

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are made of which three elements?

• Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• Oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

• Hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen

Multiple Choice

A polymer of carbohydrates is called a ___.

• polysaccharide
• disaccharide
• carbohydrate chain
• monosaccharide

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is/are correct?

• Their monomers are monosaccharides.

• Their polymers are polysaccharides.

• They are made of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.

• Their monomers are amino acids.

Multiple Choice

Which carbohydrate is used for energy storage in animals?

• Amylose

• Amylopectin

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrates that serve as energy storage molecules?

• Glucose

• Starch

• Glycogen

• Chitin

Multiple Choice

The monomer of carbohydrates is called a ___.

• disaccharide
• polysaccharide
• glucose
• monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

Lipids do not have monomers, but are made up of long ___ chains.

• hydrocarbon
• protein
• sugar
• fatty

Multiple Choice

Which group is present at one end of a lipid hydrocarbon chain?

• Carboxyl group

• Amino group

• Phosphate group

• Hydroxyl group

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of lipids found in cell membranes?

• Phospholipids

• Steroids

• Oils

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

• Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have at least one double bond.

• Saturated fats contain more oxygen atoms than unsaturated fats.

• Unsaturated fats have a carboxyl group, while saturated fats do not.

• Saturated fats are always liquid at room temperature.

Multiple Choice

What are two important functions of lipids in living organisms?

• Energy storage and forming cell membranes.

• DNA replication and protein synthesis
• Photosynthesis and respiration
• Hormone production and muscle contraction

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of proteins?

• Amino acid

• Fatty acid

• Glucose

• Nucleotide