Q2W8: Mon 12/8 - Review Day!

Happy Monday! 12/8

Q2W8

BW Mon 12/8

Go to PG 1 (Sem 1 Assignment Tracker) Fill in Q2W8

You have your cycle 2 test next week!

It covers everything we have learned all year!

We are spending this week reviewing - each of these Waygrounds is a grade! :)

Retake it as many times as you want to get the grade you want!

Today, we are focusing on Nature of Science and Biochem (your NB 5-17)

• theory VS law

• observation VS inference

• science VS pseudoscience

• experimental variables

• information reliability

• biotechnology

• macromolecules

• enzymes

• properties of water

Multiple Choice

Which one the following is NOT a branch of science, but a pseudoscience because it not testable, repeatable and observable by scientific standards.

• Astronomy: study of celestial bodies (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons) and processes (such as supernovae explosions, and gamma ray bursts)

• Physics: the study of properties of matter and energy

• Biology: the study of living organisms

• Astrology: the study of how the positions of the stars and movements of the planets have a supposed influence on events and on the lives and behavior of people. Horoscopes

Multiple Choice

A scientist is performing an experiment to determine the melting point of a new substance. Which action could increase the likelihood of obtaining accurate results? 

• repeating the experiment three times
• experimenting with multiple substances
• writing out the procedure after the experiment
• using three types of thermometers

Multiple Choice

These statements cannot be tested and are rather based on a belief, hunch, or gut feeling.

• science

• pseudoscience

Multiple Choice

These types of statements can be tested, replicated, and verified by other scientists.

• science

• pseudoscience

Multiple Choice

Science is ________________ because it is based on using prior knowledge to fortell the expected results of an event, such as an experiment or study.

• natural
• testable
• predictable
• tentativeness

Multiple Choice

Kalinda was trying to explain to her friend the difference between a theory and a law in science.  She used the theory of plate tectonics and the law of superposition as examples.  Kalinda explained the difference by using nonscientific language.  Which statement did Kalinda use to correctly describe the difference between a theory and a law in science?

• A theory describes a natural event, while a law explains it.
• A theory explains a natural event, while a law predicts it.
• A theory explains a natural event, while a law describes it.
• A theory predicts a natural event, while a law explains it.

Multiple Choice

A scientific ____________ is a statement that describes what always happens under certain conditions in nature.

• law
• theory
• method
• variable

Multiple Choice

A scientific ____________ is a broad explanation for events that is widely accepted as true.

• law
• theory
• observation
• method

Multiple Choice

Once a theory has been tested and confirmed it cannot be changed.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Joe tells Gabby his theory about why sea turtles nest on the beach instead of in the ocean. He says, “The turtle eggs would sink to the bottom of the ocean, and the baby turtle would drown. I know this because my uncle is a fisherman, and he told me this information. Gabby tells Joe that his theory is not scientific. Why does Joe’s idea not meet the requirements to be a scientific theory?

• Joe’s idea is already a scientific law.

• Joe’s idea is not supported by scientific evidence.

• Joe’s idea is a good guess that can be tested by experiments.

• Joe and his uncle are not scientists.

Multiple Choice

What is an inference? 

• Just a random guess
• A prediction or logical conclusions about our observations
• The same as an observation
• deciding if an observation is qualitative or quantitative

Multiple Select

Choose 2 inferences about this picture.

(select all that apply)

• Today is the dog's birthday.

• There is a candle on the cake.

• The dog has a tag on the collar.

• The dog will eat the cake.

Multiple Choice

Observation or Inference: I think the weather is cold.

• Observation

• Inference

Multiple Select

Which two of these can be observations about a gorilla?

(select all that apply)

• The gorilla wants a bigger banana.

• The gorilla has 5 fingers on his right hand.

• The gorilla is hungry.

• The gorilla has dark brown hair.

Multiple Choice

A scientist discovers the body of an unknown species of frog in the rain forest of Brazil.  She writes several statements in her journal about the animal shown above.  Which of the following is an observation about the frog?

• The frog might be poisonous because it is very brightly colored.
• It has a mass of 22.4 grams.
• The frog is probably a tree climber because it has large, round toe pads.
• I think the frog is a species of poison dart frog because of its size and color.

Multiple Choice

A student placed 50 mealworms in the middle of an aquarium containing a light, a cardboard tube and a water dish.  He waited five minutes and then recorded the data for the first trial in the table above.  The student repeated this procedure two more times, and recorded the results.  Read the results of all three trials.  Which inference could you make about mealworms based on the results.

• The mealworms probably prefer the darkness of a cardboard tube.
• There were 6 mealworms under the light in trial 2. 
• Mealworms love water. 
• There were 36 more mealworms in the cardboard tube versus the light in trial 3.

Multiple Choice

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table above shows the results of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

• A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

• B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

• C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

• D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes

Multiple Choice

An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?

• type of plant

• plant growth

• type of liquid

• amount of sunlight

Multiple Choice

An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the independent variable?

• type of plant

• plant growth

• type of liquid

• amount of sunlight

Multiple Choice

The variable that is being tested or changed

• independent variable

• dependent variable

• controlled variable (constant)

Multiple Choice

The variable that is being measured

• independent variable

• dependent variable

• controlled variable (constant)

Multiple Choice

Scientific Question: Does the type of sneaker you wear affect how fast you can run?

What is the independent variable?

• type of sneaker

• how fast you run

• person

Multiple Choice

Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.

Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?

• A. a question

• B. a hypothesis

• C. a control group

• D. a description of the experiment

Multiple Choice

The graph above shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the year 1880.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change.

• B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century.

• C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.

• D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.

Multiple Choice

A scientist performs an experiment to see if acids have an effect on the health of a particular type of plant. Three sets of plants were treated with acidic solutions of known pH while the control set was treated with a solution of neutral pH 7.

Which is the best conclusion for this experiment?

• A. Acid has no effect on the health of this type of plant.

• B. High acidity is helpful to this type of plant.

• C. Low acidity is harmful to this type of plant.

• D. High acidity is harmful to this type of plant.

Multiple Choice

A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph?

• A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.

• B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.

• C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.

• D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

Multiple Choice

Which question can best be used to evaluate the reliability of a source of scientific information?

• Is the information from a popular newspaper?

• Is the source cited often in postings on the Internet?

• Is the investigation replicated by other scientists with similar results?

• Is the information consistent with the current knowledge of the subject?

Multiple Choice

The Big Bang Theory offers an explanation about the formation of the universe as we know it. Discoveries and the dialogue that follow continue to add more evidence supporting the theory. New evidence leads to logical reasoning about the details of the universe's beginning and adds more credibility to the theory. How does scientific theory relate to the scientific method of inquiry?

• Theory cannot be tested.

• Theory determines observations.

• Theory cannot be shared with others.

• Theory changes as new data is collected.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary purpose of DNA fingerprinting in forensic science?

• To determine the age of a person

• To identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles

• To measure the length of DNA strands

• To sequence the entire genome

Multiple Choice

Which of the following could be an application of DNA fingerprinting in agriculture?

• Identifying plant diseases

• Tracking genetic modifications (DNA changes) in crops

• Determining the nutritional value of crops

• Enhancing crop yield through selective breeding

Multiple Choice

Scientists have inserted a gene that codes for resistance to a biodegradable weedkiller into a certain plant. Which of the following is most likely to occur when this gene is inserted?

• The plant will become able to produce chemicals to kill weeds around it.

• The plant will become able to produce chemicals to kill weeds around it.

• The plant will become able to convert the weedkiller into fertilizer.

• The plant is more likely to survive when exposed to the weedkiller.

Multiple Choice

An estimated 73,000 cases of infection from E. coli bacteria in food are reported in the United States each year. Heat treatment has been the preferred way to kill the bacteria, which are often found in beef products. Recently, irradiation using electron beam technology has been used to treat ground beef. The irradiation process disrupts the genetic structure of the bacteria, either killing them or leaving them unable to reproduce.

What is one potential danger of irradiating food?

• The dead bacteria might remain in the food and cause illnesses.

• The nutrients in the foods might also be destroyed by the irradiation.

• The bacteria might grow stronger and become more toxic to humans.

• The food might heat up to unsafe levels during the irradiation process.

Multiple Choice

Animal pharming is becoming more popular as the demand for human proteins and vaccines continues to grow. Animal pharming is the process of using transgenic animals to produce human drugs such as insulin and human growth hormone. Transgenic animals are animals which have been genetically transformed by splicing and inserting foreign genes into their chromosomes. If successful, the inserted gene can enable an animal to make certain proteins in its milk, blood, sperm, or eggs. Which of the following is NOT true about transgenic animals?

• Transgene DNA may insert itself into the genome in a way that disrupts the animal’s normal gene function.

• Transgenic animals cannot pass their ability to produce the desired drug to its offspring.

• Transgenic animals can produce the desired drug at high levels without endangering its own health.

• Transgenic animals can be easily tested for the new gene.

Multiple Choice

What prevents scientists from cloning humans despite the fact that other mammals such as sheep have been cloned?

• Cloning humans would take too much time to reproduce.

• There are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans.

• The technology to clone humans has not been explored.

• Human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of Carbohydrates?

• Long-term energy

• Muscle development

• Short-term energy

• enzyme activity

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are composed of which macromolecule.

• lipids
• protein

Multiple Choice

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature.

• The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart
• The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C. 

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? 

• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
• When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• pepsin works best at a pH near 2
• pepsin works best at a pH of 9

Multiple Choice

Enzyme -_______________ the activation energy required for a reaction.

• lower, decrease
• raise, increase

Multiple Choice

What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme reaction shown? ____'c

• 10
• 20
• 40
• 60

Multiple Choice

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

• Water expands as it freezes.
• Water is an excellent solvent.
• Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
• Water is able to moderate temperature.

Multiple Choice

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

• Water is an acid.
• Water is a versatile solvent.
• Water has a high heat capacity.
•  Water acts as a buffer.

Multiple Choice

Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?

•  Ice is colder than liquid water.
• Ice is less dense than liquid water.
• Ice is more dense than liquid water.
• Ice is warmer than liquid water.

Multiple Choice

Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent? 

• purity
• polarity and cohesion
• high heat capacity
• expansion upon freezing

Multiple Choice

 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?

• The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
• The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
• The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
• The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next

Multiple Choice

A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?

• Specific heat 
• Surface tension
• Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules 
• Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules

Multiple Choice

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?

• Water is a good solvent.
• Water exhibits strong cohesion.
• . Water has an unusual crystalline structure.
• Water has a high capacity for heat.

Multiple Choice

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

• Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
•  Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
• Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
• Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

 Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? 

• Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas 
•  Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
• Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions.
•  Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances. 

Multiple Choice

 Which of the following characteristics of water is not a result of hydrogen bonding?

• adhesive strength
• capillarity
• cohesive strength
• All of the above are a result of hydrogen bonding.

Multiple Choice

What two elements make up water?

• Helium and oxygen
• Hydrogen and oxygen
• helium and carbon
• oxygen and carbon

Multiple Choice

What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?

• cohesion
• adhesion
• capillary action
• surface tension

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is LEAST likely to dissolve in water?

• nonpolar fats and oils

• polar sugar molecules

• salt made of a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion

• all of the substances will dissolve easily in water

Multiple Choice

Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

• Water is pushed by solutes

• Capillary action pulls the water molecules up like a chain

• Water is pulled by gravity

• Water cannot move up roots to leaves

Multiple Choice

A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7

• Acid
• Alkaline
• Base
• Buffer

Multiple Choice

A(n) _______ is a substance with a pH greater than 7.

• Base
• Acid
• Buffer
• Water

Multiple Choice

What is the only substance with a neutral pH of 7?

• Milk
• Orange Juice
• Water
• Blood

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to water having a slightly positive and a slighty negative charge on its ends?

• cohesion

• surface tension

• polar

• adhesion

Multiple Choice

Surface tension is caused by ...

• strong cohesion between water molecules
• strong adhesion between the water molecules
• condensation
• water cycle

Multiple Choice

The hydrogen atoms in a water molecule are ________________ charged.

• not

• negatively

• neutrally

• positively

Multiple Choice

A paperclip floating on water is an example of what property of water?

• capillary action

• surface tension

• universal solvent

• specific heat index

Multiple Choice

Water drops being attracted to each other is an example of ____________.

• capillary action

• adhesion

• specific heat index

• cohesion

Multiple Choice

Attractions between water molecules are called

• Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Polar bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule has amino acids as monomers?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which one of the macromolecules are instrumental in the cell membrane?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

This macromolecules is responsible for providing our genetic material. Choose the macromolecule that best fits.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which one of our macromolecules would you consume in order to receive long-term energy?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

My monomers are glycerol and fatty acids. Which macromolecule am I?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

My monomers are monosaccharides. Which macromolecule am I?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

My monomers consist of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Which macromolecule am I?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Select

Which macromolecule is structured this way?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is structured in this way?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which of the macromolecules are structured in this way?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What type of macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What are the building blocks of proteins?

• amino acid
• fatty acid
• nucleotide
• lipid

Multiple Choice

The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.

• Iron
• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Lipids are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Proteins are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Is found in the cell membrane as a bilayer. 

• lipids
• protein
• nucleic acid
• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in your body?

• Speed up chemical reactions.
• Give immediate energy.
• Help to store energy.
• Build cell walls in plants.