WHII Review 1

Major states and empires

• Ottoman Empire -Europe, Asia, Africa

• Persia -Asia

• China -Asia

• Mughal India -Asia

• Songhai Empire - Africa

• England -Europe

• France- Europe

• Spain -Europe

• Portugal -Europe

• Russia -Eurasia

Eastern Hemisphere

Major states and empires

• Aztec -NorthAmerica

• Inca -South America

WesternHemisphere

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Holy Roman Empire

Japan

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as G?

• England

• Aztec

• France

• Incan

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as J?

• England

• Aztec

• France

• Incan

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as B?

• England

• France

• Spain

• Songhai

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as C?

• England

• France

• Spain

• Songhai

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as E?

• Ottoman

• Holy Roman

• Russia

• China

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as H?

• Ottoman

• Persia

• Russia

• China

Multiple Choice

What major state/empire is identified as K?

• Songhai

• Persia

• Mughal India

• Ottoman

Multiple Choice

What is the correct location of the Ottoman Empire

Multiple Select

Which continents did the Ottoman Empire have some control over? Click all that apply.

• Europe

• Asia

• Africa

• North America

• South America

Multiple Choice

Which location is shaded in the picture?

• Portugal

• Ottoman Empire

• Holy Roman Empire

• France

Locations of religions

Location of world religions in 1500 a.d. (c.e.)

• Judaism: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East

• Christianity: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East

• Islam: Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe

• Hinduism: India and part of Southeast Asia

• Buddhism: East and Southeast Asia

• Sikhism : India

Trade

• Exchange of products and ideas

• Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China)

• Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle East)

• Scientific knowledge—medicine, astronomy, mathematics

Trade Goods

• Silk Routes across Asia to the Mediterranean basin

• Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean

• Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa

• Northern European links with the Black Sea

• Western European sea and river trade

• South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

Trade Routes

Multiple Choice

Analyze the map. Which country on the map is the origin of Hinduism?

• China

• Nepal

• India

• Pakistan

Multiple Choice

Which religion's spread does this map represent

• Hinduism

• Buddhism

• Christianity

• Islam

Multiple Choice

Which represents the order of the spread of Buddhism?

• India --> Afghanistan --> Japan

• India --> China --> Japan

• Japan --> China --> India

• India ---> China --> Tibet

Multiple Choice

Which religion dominated this region circa 1500?

• Islam

• Judaism

• Buddhism

• Christianity

Multiple Choice

Which religion dominated this region in 1500?

• Islam

• Christianity

• Hinduism

• Judaism

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the trade route outlined in yellow?

• Trans-Saharan Trade Route

• Silk Road

• Indian Ocean Maritime Trade

• South China Sea Trade

Multiple Choice

As a result of trans-Saharan trade, the areas of West Africa converted  to —

• Christianity

• Islam

• Judaism

• Buddhism

Multiple Choice

Originally, the technology of paper was brought to the Muslims

from –

• India

• China

• West Africa

• Southeast Asia

• Monotheism

• Jesus as Son of God

• Life after death

• New Testament—Life and teachings of Jesus

• Establishment of Christian doctrine by early church councils

Christianity

• Monotheistic belief centered on one God, Yahweh. 

• Abraham is considered the founder

• Moses was known for receiving the Ten Commandments, the moral and religious rules, and leading the Hebrews out of slavery (Exodus).

• Sacred texts include the Torah

• Traditions include observing the Sabbath , Passover, Kosher diete

• Influenced Christianity and Islam

Judaism

Multiple Choice

Who saved the enslaved Israelites from Egypt and lead them all to Canaan?

• Abraham

• Jesus

• Moses

• Buddha

Multiple Choice

This religion follows sacraments including baptism and communion

• Judaism

• Sikhism

• Christianity

• Islam

• Many forms of one god (Brahman)

• Vedas and Upanishads books

• Caste system social class system

• Reincarnation

• Karma—Future reincarnation based on present behavior

Hinduism

• Monotheism - Allah (Arabic for God)

• Muhammad the prophet as founder

• Quran / Koran = sacred text

• Five Pillars of Islam - faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

• Arabian peninsula - Mecca and Medina as holy cities

Islam

Match

Match the following

• Hinduism

• Judaism

• Christianity

• Islam

• Sikhism

Vedas

Torah

Bible

Quran

Guru Granth Sahib

• Vedas

• Torah

• Bible

• Quran

• Guru Granth Sahib

Multiple Choice

Christianity and Islam have what in common?

• Both started by Muhammad

• Both started by Jesus

• Both came from Judaism

• Both came from Hinduism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following religions believes in the concept of reincarnation?

• Hinduism

• Islam

• Christianity

• Judaism

Multiple Choice

All of the following religions are monotheistic except 

• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam
• Buddhism

• Began in Punjab area of India by  Guru Nanak Dev Ji.

• Monotheistic

• Focus on social reform

• Wearing the 5 Ks

Sikhism

• Founder—Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

• Four Noble Truths

• Eightfold Path to Enlightenment

• Spread of Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia, resulting from Asoka’s missionaries and their writings

Buddhism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following definitions most accurately fits with term "karma?"

• The belief in no Gods or spirituality

• The constant rebirth of one's soul over and over again

• The code of morals that formed the basis of Jewish laws

• The accumulation of one's good and bad deeds

Multiple Choice

These ideas are most closely associated with what religion?

• Christianity

• Hinduism

• Judaism

• Islam

Multiple Choice

Buddhists believe that life is suffering. How does a Buddhist relieve their soul from suffering?

• Buddhist's try to end all worldly desires through the Eightfold Path

• Buddhists do their best to follow the Ten Commandments

• Buddhists pray at least 5 times a day to their God

• Buddhists read the Torah in search for Enlightenment

Multiple Choice

The beliefs of this religion consist of being Monotheistic (Allah)

and the Five Pillars

• Judaism

• Christianity

• Islam

• Buddhism

Multiple Choice

To attain enlightenment one must follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path

• Christianity

• Judaism

• Islam

• Buddhism

• Accomplishments in the visual arts— Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci
• Accomplishments in literature (sonnets, plays, essays)—Shakespeare
• Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (humanism)—Erasmus (Praise of Folly)

• “Rebirth” of classical knowledge, “birth” of the modern world
• Spread from the Italian city states to northern Europe
•Humanism - focus on individuals, reason, human achievement
•Secular - non religious

Renaissance

Last Supper, Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man

Da Vinci

Multiple Choice

Which person is most associated with this time period?

• Voltaire

• Henry Bessemer

• Michelangelo

• John Huss

David, Creation of Adam and Sistine Chapel, Pieta

​

Michelangelo

Reformation

Causes

For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of new Protestant Churches who challenged Catholicism
-Black Death - distrust in Church
-Renaissance ideas on human achievement and focus on individual
-Humanism and Secularism

Multiple Choice

What was the Protestant Reformation?

• A movement to reform the Catholic Church

• A war between France and England

• A period of artistic development

• A scientific revolution

Reformation

Causes

• Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.
• German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church.
• The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict.
• Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.
-Disagreement over other Church practices (reading Bible, good works, use of Latin)

-The Printing Press, by Johannes Gutenberg, lead to growth of literacy and spread Renaissance and Reformation ideas

Multiple Choice

What did the Catholic Church sell to forgive sins for money?

• Excommunication

• Printing Press

• Indulgences

• Corruption

Multiple Choice

The ideas of the Protestant Reformation were spread by what new invention?

• Compass

• Biblical press

• Printing press

• University system

Martin Luther

• German

• Views—Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God
  • 1517 - nailed 95 theses to door of Church, birth of the Protestant Church, translated Bible into German
  
  --> Begins Reformation

Multiple Choice

In his attempt to reform the Catholic Church, what did Martin Luther do?

• Bought a certificate of indulgence to be pardoned.
• Helped Pope Leo X rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
• Prepared a list of 95 arguments against indulgences.
• Decided to become a lawyer. 

Multiple Choice

Which idea is most associated with John Calvin?

• Ultimate authority comes from the Bible.

• People are equal before God.

• Salvation depends on faith alone.

• Fate is determined by predestination.

Multiple Select

Identify two central beliefs of Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

• The Bible is the central religious authority.

• Humans may reach salvation through faith and indulgences paid to the Catholic Church.

• Humans may reach salvation only by faith, not through indulgences.

• The Pope is the central religious authority.

John Calvin

• France

• Views - predestination - god already decided who will go to Heaven (the elect vs. the damned)

• Faith revealed by righteous life, hard work

• Expanded Protestant Reformation (Calvinism)

Multiple Choice

Elizabeth I supported Protestantism in England by--

• returning land belonging to the Catholic Church

• making the Anglican Church the official national church

• persecuting people who used Latin in the Catholic Church

• removing the leader of the Anglican Church

• Daughter of Henry VIII

• Expanded Protestant Anglican Church (39 Articles)

• More tolerant of religious dissenters

• American colonies

• Defeated Spanish Armada

Elizabeth I

• Wanted to divorce his wife for male heir

• Tried to get divorce from Pope, Pope refused and excommunicated him

• Broke away from Catholic Church, became head of Church of England/Anglican Church

• Seized church lands and wealth

Henry VIII

Henry VIII and Elizabeth I

Multiple Choice

What was one effect of this act?

• The influence of the Catholic Church declined.

• The practice of Protestantism was prohibited in England.

• The Pope granted greater authority to the king.

• The colonies were subjected to the authority of the Church.

• Catholic monarchy (Henry IV) granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked)

• . • Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict.

France

• Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism

• • The Hapsburg family and the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.

• • Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).

Germany

Reformation in -

Multiple Choice

Which statement completes this diagram?

• Priests gave up positions of leadership in their community.

• Nobles decided to abandon the beliefs of Christianity.

• Beliefs encouraging religious toleration became widely accepted.

• New religions that rejected the authority of the Pope were established.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best completes this diagram?

• A. Freedom of religion

• B. Freedom of speech

• C. Freedom of petition

• D. Freedom of press

Multiple Choice

The Thirty Years' War was between which religious sects?

• Martin Luther and John Calvin

• Muslims and Catholics

• Protestants and Catholics

• Muslims and Protestants

Catholic Reformation

Counter- Reformation

• Church attempt to combat Protestantism

• The Council of Trent (1545-1563) reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practice.

• • The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine and convert colonies to Catholicism

• • The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine. (torture), ex. Jan Hus being burned at stake

Multiple Choice

Identify a negative effect that was caused by the Protestant and Catholic Reformations.

• Persecution of different groups of people became more common.

• New religions developed and collaborated for political reasons.

• The Catholic Church no longer existed because Protestant churches took over.

• The Protestant churches did not survive because the Catholic Church took over.

Multiple Choice

The Society of Jesus was created to spread Catholic teachings, primarily in response to the-

• Inquisition

• Renaissance

• Scientific Revolution

• Protestant Reformation

Multiple Choice

Why did the Catholic Church start the Inquisition?

• To reinforce Catholic doctrine

• To convert the Native Americans to Catholicism

• To punish priests for selling indulgences

• To praise Protestant reformers

Multiple Choice

Read the list. 1. Council of Trent 2. Society of Jesus 3. Inquisition The list describes characteristics that were part of the —

• Counter-Reformation

• Enlightenment

• Edict of Nantes

• Protestant Reformation

Peace of Westphalia

Ended 30 Years War

-Established more religious tolerance in Europe between Catholics and Protestants
-Redrew national boundaries (ex. Holy Roman Empire

Impacts of Reformation

• Growth of secularism • Growth of individualism

• Eventual growth of religious tolerance

• Creation of new nations and boundaries (ex. weakening of Holy Roman Empire, creation of Dutch Republic)

• • Growth of literacy was stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press. • The Bible was printed in English, French, and German.

Multiple Choice

Which would best replace the question mark in the last box?

• A. Papal Authority

• B. Religious Tolerance

• C. Literary Ideas

• D. Scientific Thought

Multiple Choice

How did the Reformation fuel European exploration in the New World?

• Created a desire to spread religious beliefs

• Increased desire to bring glory to one's nation

• Pushed to open new markets for raw materials

• Saw potential for new learning and technology

Ottoman Empire

• Islamic culture and art - ex. mosques

• millet system, allowing religious minorities self-governance under their own leaders

• devshirme, aka “child levy” or “blood tax” took Christian boys to serve the Ottoman government, created a system of loyalty to the sultan.

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Multiple Choice

One reason that the Ottoman Turks were successful in creating a large empire was that they —

• conquered the lands of the Mughal Empire

• taxed visitors who traveled in their empire

• used the Islamic religion as a unifying force

• relied on foreign navies to protect their coast

Mughal India

• Islamic rulers ruling over Hindu populace

• Growth of Sikhism (reform based religion) --> Conflict with Mughal rulers

• Weakening of Mughal rulers --> India colonized by European countries (England, Portugal, Netherlands)

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Multiple Choice

This building is associated with the Mughal Empire, it is known as the-

• Hagia Sophia

• Taj Mahal

• Burj Khalifa

Multiple Choice

• Millet system and blood tax

• mosques and religious complexes

• Developments in architecture, calligraphy, manuscript painting, textiles, and ceramics

• Mughal Empire

• Ottoman Empire

• Japan

Multiple Choice

Which modern-day country includes the area once ruled by the Mughals?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

• Spread Islam into India
• Art and architecture: Taj Mahal
• Establishment of European trading outposts
• Influence of Indian textiles on the British textile industry

• Ottoman Empire

• China

• Mughal Empire

Multiple Select

Trade items the Mughal Empire grew wealthy trading (2) --

• spices

• textiles

• poultry

• art

China

• Confucian culture - education, ancestor worship, filial piety/respect for elders

• Buddhist

• Control of Silk Road trade

• Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)

  • Forbidden City, Great Wall, capital at Beijing porcelain

• Qing Dynasty (1644–1912)

  • China's last imperial dynasty

  • Known for expansion into Taiwan, Tibet, Mongolia, and Central Asia

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Japan
-Tokugawa Ieyasu - shogun who unified Japan after warring states (Sengoku) period, began Edo period
-Implemented closed door policy
-Supported Japanese culture and art (Shintoism, Buddhism, woodblock prints, kabuki theater)
-Isolation led to technological, scientific, military growth

Multiple Choice

How did China attempt to limit the influence of European merchants during the Commercial Revolution?

• Adopting a strict policy of isolationism

• Using Islam as a unifying force

• Creating foreign enclaves

• Promoting a capitalist market economy

Multiple Choice

During the 16th century, Europe gained access to knowledge about

astronomy, medicine, and mathematics because of the —

• exploration of Africa

• spread of the manorial system

• expansion of religion

• growth of trade with Asia

Multiple Choice

"When we arrived at Kyoto, we waited for some days that we

might obtain leave to approach the king. . . . But we found all

ways of access to him altogether closed. And as we discovered

that the edicts of the king were generally thought little of . . ."

— Letter from St. Francis Xavier to the

Society of Jesus at Goa, 1551

Which aspect of Japanese society is best described by this letter?

• Weakness of the emperor

• Power of the people

• Decline of the class structures

• Importance of religious institutions

Multiple Choice

WHII.5c

Which adopted a policy of isolation to limit the influence of European merchants?

• Japan

• Africa

• India

• Ottoman Empire

Multiple Choice

• tried to control trade by creating specific areas for trade within its borders (foreign enclaves)
• emperor's (imperial) policy of controlling foreign influences
• Europeans demanded it goods including tea and porcelain

• Mughal Empire

• China

• Ottoman Empire

Multiple Choice

• emperor was powerless, true leader was the shogun
• tried to isolate itself from outside trade and influences

• China

• Japan

• Ottoman Empire

Multiple Choice

Which correctly describes Tokugawa Ieyasu

• Built the Taj Mahal

• Shogun who unified Japan

• Last emperor of China

• Created the millet system

Multiple Choice

Military leader of Japan who had control of the empire --

• shogun

• boshido

• samurai

• shah

Multiple Select

Two primary religions found in the Mughal Empire --

• Islam

• Hinduism

• Christianity

• Judaism

Multiple Choice

Mimar Sinan was famous designing and building the Suleiman ________.

• Mosque

• Church

• Plaza

• Taj Mahal

Multiple Choice

Istanbul was known as ______ before the Ottoman Empire.

• Constantinople

• Rome

• London

• Saudi Arabia