expository text

​📗 UNIT 2: Expository Text

Theme: Innovation and Society

Text Type: Expository Text (Analytical & Informative)

Phase: F (Grade XI – Senior High School)

By Adri Walleng

​🧭 I. Meaningful Understanding (Pemahaman Bermakna)

Students understand that Expository Text helps people explain, describe, or clarify complex ideas, events, or phenomena logically and factually.
They learn to analyze, evaluate, and communicate information clearly using appropriate language and structure.

By Adri Walleng

​🎯 II. Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify the purpose, structure, and language features of Expository Texts.

2. Analyze information and explain ideas or processes logically.

3. Use connective words, technical vocabulary, and present tense accurately in explanations.

4. Write and present their own expository texts about innovation and its impact on society.

By Adri Walleng

​🧱 III. Definition

An Expository Text is a non-fiction text that explains, describes, or gives information about a topic in a logical and factual manner.
It helps readers understand something by providing facts, data, examples, and logical reasoning.

By Adri Walleng

​🗂️ IV. Function

• To inform or explain a concept or process.

• To clarify how or why something happens.

• To educate the reader with factual information.

By Adri Walleng

By Adri Walleng

​🧩 V. Text Structure

Section	Function	Example Signal Words
1. Introduction	Introduces the topic and gives the main idea.	Generally, in general, to begin with, mainly
2. Body Paragraph(s)	Explains supporting ideas with facts, examples, or evidence.	For example, in addition, as a result, furthermore, consequently
3. Conclusion	Summarizes key ideas or provides final remarks.	In conclusion, to sum up, overall

​💬 VI. Language Features

Feature	Explanation	Example
General nouns	Refers to a group or concept, not specific individuals	Society, people, technology, energy
Action verbs	Used to explain actions or processes	affects, produces, generates, causes
Technical terms	Subject-specific vocabulary	ecosystem, innovation, renewable, process
Present tense	Describes facts and general truths	The sun provides energy for all living things.
Passive voice	Emphasizes the process or result rather than the doer	Electricity is produced by turbines.
Connectives	Show logical sequence and relationships	firstly, in contrast, as a result, therefore, however

By Adri Walleng

🧠 VII. Types of Expository Texts Type Description Example Descriptive Describes a concept, event, or idea in detail Description of the Internet revolution Sequential / Process Explains steps or stages in order How the human brain processes information Cause and Effect Explains reasons and results Causes and effects of global warming Compare and Contrast Shows similarities and differences Traditional vs. digital learning Problem and Solution Presents a problem and offers solutions How to reduce plastic pollution

By Adri Walleng

🧩 VIII. Example Text Title: How Innovation Changes Society Introduction: Innovation has become one of the most important forces in modern society. It shapes the way people live, communicate, and solve problems. Body: Firstly, innovation in technology allows people to connect and share information instantly. It improves access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. For example, digital learning platforms make education more inclusive. However, innovation also brings new challenges such as job automation and privacy concerns. Many people fear that technology may replace human workers. Therefore, society needs to balance innovation with responsibility. Conclusion: In conclusion, innovation has a powerful impact on society. It can improve life quality, but it also requires ethical consideration to ensure it benefits everyone equally.

By Adri Walleng

✍️ IX. Grammar Focus 1. Simple Present Tense Used for facts, truths, and explanations. 👉 Water boils at 100°C. 👉 Technology improves communication. Formula: ➡️ S + Verb 1 + (O/C) ➡️ S + is/am/are + complement 2. Passive Voice Used when the focus is on the process or result. 👉 Electric cars are produced using modern technology. 👉 Data is collected by researchers. Formula: ➡️ Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle (V3)

By Adri Walleng

3. Connectives (Transition Words) Used to make writing logical and coherent. Function Examples Addition and, moreover, furthermore, in addition Comparison similarly, likewise, just as Contrast however, on the other hand, although Cause and Effect because, therefore, as a result Sequence firstly, next, finally

By Adri Walleng

🧩 X. Vocabulary Bank Theme Keywords Technology innovation, digitalization, automation, artificial intelligence, efficiency Environment sustainability, pollution, renewable energy, conservation, climate change Society community, interaction, lifestyle, culture, transformation Education literacy, learning, research, academic, development

By Adri Walleng

Multiple Choice

🧩 Exercise: Understanding Expository Text

Read the text below and answer questions 1–5.

Text 1: The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat. These sources are constantly replenished and do not run out, unlike fossil fuels. The use of renewable energy is very important because it helps reduce pollution and slows down climate change.

Firstly, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without producing harmful gases. Wind turbines also generate clean energy that can power thousands of homes. Moreover, using renewable energy decreases dependence on oil and coal.

In conclusion, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution for future energy needs. It protects the environment and supports economic growth through green industries.

1. What is the main idea of the text?

• A. The advantages of fossil fuels

• B. The importance of renewable energy for the future

• C. How to build solar panels

• D. The process of generating electricity

Multiple Choice

🧩 Exercise: Understanding Expository Text

Read the text below and answer questions 1–5.

Text 1: The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat. These sources are constantly replenished and do not run out, unlike fossil fuels. The use of renewable energy is very important because it helps reduce pollution and slows down climate change.

Firstly, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without producing harmful gases. Wind turbines also generate clean energy that can power thousands of homes. Moreover, using renewable energy decreases dependence on oil and coal.

In conclusion, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution for future energy needs. It protects the environment and supports economic growth through green industries.

2. What is the purpose of the text?

• A. To tell a story about energy use

• B. To describe the history of energy

• C. To explain the importance of renewable energy

• D. To persuade people to buy solar panels

Multiple Choice

🧩 Exercise: Understanding Expository Text

Read the text below and answer questions 1–5.

Text 1: The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat. These sources are constantly replenished and do not run out, unlike fossil fuels. The use of renewable energy is very important because it helps reduce pollution and slows down climate change.

Firstly, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without producing harmful gases. Wind turbines also generate clean energy that can power thousands of homes. Moreover, using renewable energy decreases dependence on oil and coal.

In conclusion, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution for future energy needs. It protects the environment and supports economic growth through green industries.

3. Which of the following is a renewable energy source mentioned in the text?

• A. Coal

• B. Oil

• C. Wind

• D. Gas

Multiple Choice

🧩 Exercise: Understanding Expository Text

Read the text below and answer questions 1–5.

Text 1: The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat. These sources are constantly replenished and do not run out, unlike fossil fuels. The use of renewable energy is very important because it helps reduce pollution and slows down climate change.

Firstly, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without producing harmful gases. Wind turbines also generate clean energy that can power thousands of homes. Moreover, using renewable energy decreases dependence on oil and coal.

In conclusion, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution for future energy needs. It protects the environment and supports economic growth through green industries.

4. What is the effect of using renewable energy?

• A. It increases pollution.

• B. It reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

• C. It causes climate change.

• D. It wastes natural resources.

Multiple Choice

🧩 Exercise: Understanding Expository Text

Read the text below and answer questions 1–5.

Text 1: The Importance of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat. These sources are constantly replenished and do not run out, unlike fossil fuels. The use of renewable energy is very important because it helps reduce pollution and slows down climate change.

Firstly, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without producing harmful gases. Wind turbines also generate clean energy that can power thousands of homes. Moreover, using renewable energy decreases dependence on oil and coal.

In conclusion, renewable energy provides a sustainable solution for future energy needs. It protects the environment and supports economic growth through green industries.

5. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to…

• A. Temporary

• B. Limited

• C. Long-lasting
• D. Expensive

Fill in the Blank

✍️ Exercise: Fill in the Blanks

Text: The Impact of Technology on Education

Technology has changed the way students learn and teachers teach. Today, many schools use digital tools to make learning more interesting and effective. Online platforms, such as Google Classroom and educational apps, help students access information anytime and anywhere.

However, technology also brings challenges. Some students become too dependent on the internet and lose their ability to think critically. Therefore, teachers must guide them to use technology wisely.

In conclusion, technology provides great benefits for education, but it should be used with balance and responsibility.

Complete the sentences below with the correct words!

Technology has changed the way students _______ and teachers teach.

Fill in the Blank

✍️ Exercise: Fill in the Blanks

Text: The Impact of Technology on Education

Technology has changed the way students learn and teachers teach. Today, many schools use digital tools to make learning more interesting and effective. Online platforms, such as Google Classroom and educational apps, help students access information anytime and anywhere.

However, technology also brings challenges. Some students become too dependent on the internet and lose their ability to think critically. Therefore, teachers must guide them to use technology wisely.

In conclusion, technology provides great benefits for education, but it should be used with balance and responsibility.

Complete the sentences below with the correct words!

Many schools use _______ tools to make learning more effective.

Fill in the Blank

✍️ Exercise: Fill in the Blanks

Text: The Impact of Technology on Education

Technology has changed the way students learn and teachers teach. Today, many schools use digital tools to make learning more interesting and effective. Online platforms, such as Google Classroom and educational apps, help students access information anytime and anywhere.

However, technology also brings challenges. Some students become too dependent on the internet and lose their ability to think critically. Therefore, teachers must guide them to use technology wisely.

In conclusion, technology provides great benefits for education, but it should be used with balance and responsibility.

Complete the sentences below with the correct words!

Online platforms help students access _______ anytime and anywhere.

Fill in the Blank

✍️ Exercise: Fill in the Blanks

Text: The Impact of Technology on Education

Technology has changed the way students learn and teachers teach. Today, many schools use digital tools to make learning more interesting and effective. Online platforms, such as Google Classroom and educational apps, help students access information anytime and anywhere.

However, technology also brings challenges. Some students become too dependent on the internet and lose their ability to think critically. Therefore, teachers must guide them to use technology wisely.

In conclusion, technology provides great benefits for education, but it should be used with balance and responsibility.

Complete the sentences below with the correct words!

Teachers must guide students to use technology _______.

Open Ended

📘 Reading Text: The Impact of Social Media on Society

In today’s world, social media has become an essential part of daily life. It allows people to communicate instantly, share information, and express opinions. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have made it easier for individuals to connect globally and spread ideas quickly.

However, social media also brings negative effects. Many users spend too much time online, leading to addiction and decreased productivity. Moreover, false information can spread rapidly, influencing public opinion and causing misunderstanding.

Therefore, it is important for users to use social media wisely. People should verify the accuracy of information before sharing and balance their online and offline lives. Social media is powerful—it can connect and inspire, but it can also mislead and divide if not used responsibly.

1. What is the main idea of the text? Explain it in your own words.

Open Ended

📘 Reading Text: The Impact of Social Media on Society

In today’s world, social media has become an essential part of daily life. It allows people to communicate instantly, share information, and express opinions. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have made it easier for individuals to connect globally and spread ideas quickly.

However, social media also brings negative effects. Many users spend too much time online, leading to addiction and decreased productivity. Moreover, false information can spread rapidly, influencing public opinion and causing misunderstanding.

Therefore, it is important for users to use social media wisely. People should verify the accuracy of information before sharing and balance their online and offline lives. Social media is powerful—it can connect and inspire, but it can also mislead and divide if not used responsibly.

2. According to the text, what are two positive and two negative effects of social media on society?

Open Ended

📘 Reading Text: The Impact of Social Media on Society

In today’s world, social media has become an essential part of daily life. It allows people to communicate instantly, share information, and express opinions. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have made it easier for individuals to connect globally and spread ideas quickly.

However, social media also brings negative effects. Many users spend too much time online, leading to addiction and decreased productivity. Moreover, false information can spread rapidly, influencing public opinion and causing misunderstanding.

Therefore, it is important for users to use social media wisely. People should verify the accuracy of information before sharing and balance their online and offline lives. Social media is powerful—it can connect and inspire, but it can also mislead and divide if not used responsibly.

3. The writer uses the word “Therefore” in the last paragraph. Explain the function of this word in the text and why it is important in expository writing.

Open Ended

📘 Reading Text: The Impact of Social Media on Society

In today’s world, social media has become an essential part of daily life. It allows people to communicate instantly, share information, and express opinions. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have made it easier for individuals to connect globally and spread ideas quickly.

However, social media also brings negative effects. Many users spend too much time online, leading to addiction and decreased productivity. Moreover, false information can spread rapidly, influencing public opinion and causing misunderstanding.

Therefore, it is important for users to use social media wisely. People should verify the accuracy of information before sharing and balance their online and offline lives. Social media is powerful—it can connect and inspire, but it can also mislead and divide if not used responsibly.

4. Based on the text, what can people do to use social media more responsibly?

Open Ended

📘 Reading Text: The Impact of Social Media on Society

In today’s world, social media has become an essential part of daily life. It allows people to communicate instantly, share information, and express opinions. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have made it easier for individuals to connect globally and spread ideas quickly.

However, social media also brings negative effects. Many users spend too much time online, leading to addiction and decreased productivity. Moreover, false information can spread rapidly, influencing public opinion and causing misunderstanding.

Therefore, it is important for users to use social media wisely. People should verify the accuracy of information before sharing and balance their online and offline lives. Social media is powerful—it can connect and inspire, but it can also mislead and divide if not used responsibly.

5. Write a short paragraph (4–5 sentences) expressing your own opinion:
Do you agree that social media has more positive than negative impacts? Give reasons for your answer.