Genetics

Multiple Choice

Why is genetic diversity important in sexual reproduction?

• It allows organisms to adapt to changing environments.

• It produces identical offspring quickly.

• It prevents cell division.

• It reduces the number of chromosomes in offspring.

Open Ended

Explain how meiosis contributes to genetic diversity in organisms.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

• Diploid cells have chromosomes in pairs, while haploid cells have single copies of each chromosome.

• Diploid cells are reproductive cells, while haploid cells are somatic cells.

• Diploid cells are found only in plants, while haploid cells are found only in animals.

• Diploid cells have more genetic variation than haploid cells.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: The process of exchanging genetic material resulting in the production of a new combination of DNA is called

.

Open Ended

Explain how crossing over and random assortment contribute to genetic diversity during meiosis.

Multiple Select

Which of the following can be determined by analyzing a karyotype?

• The sex of an individual

• The presence of chromosomal defects

• The number of autosomes

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Is this individual male or female?

• Male

• Female

Multiple Choice

Is this individual male or female?

• Male

• Female

Open Ended

What is the difference between trisomy and monosomy, and what are examples of each?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a dominant trait observed by Mendel in pea plants?

• Purple flower color

• White flower color

• Wrinkled seeds

• Green pods

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true about genotypes and phenotypes?

• Genotype refers to the physical appearance of an organism.

• Phenotype is determined by the observable features of alleles.

• Genotype is represented by letters such as TT, Tt, or tt.

• Phenotype is always the same as genotype.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?

• A monohybrid cross involves crossing two traits, while a dihybrid cross involves only one trait.

• A monohybrid cross involves crossing one trait, while a dihybrid cross involves two separate traits at the same time.

• A monohybrid cross uses lowercase letters for alleles, while a dihybrid cross uses capital letters.

• A monohybrid cross predicts phenotype, while a dihybrid cross predicts genotype.

Open Ended

Explain how probability is used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses, referencing both the formula and Mendel’s pea plant experiment.

Multiple Choice

If B = brown hair and b = blonde hair, what is the probability of brown hair?

• 25%
• 50%
• 0%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a rabbit has brown fur, what can you conclude about its genotype?

• It is BB.
• It is Bb
• It is brown
• It is bb.

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• AA
• Aa
• aa
• none of these

Multiple Choice

In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is ____.

• 23

• 46

• 69

• 92

Multiple Choice

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in a tetrad.)

• Anaphase I

• Metaphase I

• Prophase I

• Telophase I

Open Ended

Describe the process and purpose of a test cross in genetics. Why is it important for determining unknown genotypes?

Multiple Choice

In a monohybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, what is the expected phenotype ratio among the offspring?

• 1:1

• 3:1

• 2:1

• 1:2:1

Fill in the Blanks

A cross between BBLL and bbll guinea pigs is an example of a

cross.

Open Ended

How many of the offspring are: Black, Short ___ Black, Long ___ White, Short ___ White, Long ___

Fill in the Blanks

A dihybrid cross with both parents being heterozygous for all traits will always give a

phenotype ratio.

Multiple Select

What are the possible genotypes for blood type A in humans?

• I^A I^A

• I^A I^B

• I^A i

• I^B i

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are examples of sex-linked traits?

• Red-green colorblindness

• Tall height in pea plants

• Blood type AB

• Short hair in guinea pigs

Open Ended

Explain how codominance differs from incomplete dominance, using examples from the images.

Multiple Choice

Which type of inheritance involves traits that are determined by two or more genes working together?

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Polygenic traits

• Sex-linked traits

Multiple Choice

Which blood type is determined by the genotype I^A I^B?

• Type A

• Type B

• Type AB

• Type O

Fill in the Blanks

Pedigrees are used to show the inheritance of a genetic

in a family.

Open Ended

Explain how a sex-linked recessive trait is inherited and how it differs from autosomal inheritance.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half to create

cells.

Open Ended

Reflecting on what you learned today about genetics, how would you explain the main differences between asexual and sexual reproduction to someone who has never studied biology before?