Ancient Rome 2 - Start of Empire

Multiple Choice

What significant action did Sulla take that changed the political landscape of Rome?

• Openly debating with senators

• Restoring the Republic

• Establishing a new Senate

• Creating a military dictatorship

• Marching his army into Rome

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Rome dominates after the Punic Wars

• Gracchus brothers and General Marius

• Sulla marches on Rome and seizes power

• Sulla retired and gives power back

• Caesar starts to rise the ranks of politics

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Multiple Choice

What significant action did Julius Caesar take after his release from captivity?

• He became a pirate himself and conquered Rome

• He raised a fleet to hunt the pirates

• He returned to Rome defeated and broken... for now

• He wrote a book about his experience which was widely published

• He pardoned the pirates and used them in later battles

Multiple Choice

What could possibly go wrong with the First Triumvirate formed in 60 BCE?

• Political instability

• Economic downturn

• Military defeat

• Loss of public support

• They all get married and fall in love

Match

Match the following

• dictator who reformed Rome’s constitution and executed political enemies through proscriptions.

• Rome’s richest man; powerful financier, wanted political influence and repayment of tax collectors’ losses.

• Rome’s greatest general; just returned from Eastern conquests, frustrated Senate denied his soldiers’ land.

• Rising politician seeking power; recently returned from Spain, ambitious and charming but in debt.

• Captured young Caesar; later crucified by him after his revenge-led naval campaign.

Sulla

Marcus Crassus

Pompey Magnus

Julius Caesar

Pirates

• Sulla

• Marcus Crassus

• Pompey Magnus

• Julius Caesar

• Pirates

Multiple Choice

What were the main goals of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) during his political career at this time?

• Secure land for his soldiers

• Protect economic interests

• Become the wealthiest man in Rome

• Gain military command

Multiple Choice

What was the impact of Caesar's military campaigns in Gaul from 58–50 BCE?

• Expansion of Rome's territory

• Increased Senate power

• Decline in military loyalty

• Loss of wealth

Multiple Choice

What feat did Julius Caesar accomplish during the Siege of Alesia?

• He built a massive fortification at Alesia.
• He negotiated a peace treaty with the Gauls.
• He encircled and defeated the Gallic forces.
• He retreated to Rome after a stalemate.
• He formed an alliance with the Gallic tribes.

Multiple Choice

Why did Caesar become a governor? What was he avoiding?

• Caesar became a governor to expand his territory and avoid military conflict.
• Caesar became a governor to gain popularity and avoid personal loss.
• Caesar became a governor to strengthen alliances and avoid foreign invasions.
• Caesar became a governor to gain power and avoid political threats.
• Caesar became a governor to secure wealth and avoid public scrutiny.

Multiple Choice

Who was made dictator for life and was seen as a hero to the plebeians because he gave them land & food, but was power-hungry to the patricians?

• Julius Caesar

• Mark Antony

• Scipio

• Caesar Augustus

• Marcus Aurelius

Open Ended

So, they all lived happily ever after right? What happened next? (educated guess if possible)

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Caesar in Gaul

• Crassus dies...

• Pompey makes demands

• Caesar marches to Rome

• Crosses the Rubicon

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Multiple Choice

What event marked the end of the First Triumvirate and left Caesar and Pompey as rivals?

• The death of Pompey

• The death of Crassus

• The crossing of the Rubicon

• The Senate's demands

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BCE?

• Caesar was defeated

• Pompey won decisively

• Caesar's strategy led to victory

• Both armies retreated

Multiple Choice

What was Caesar's military strategy at the Battle of Pharsalus?

• Caesar's troops formed a loose line to absorb enemy charges effectively.
• Caesar relied on a defensive strategy to hold off Pompey's advances.
• Caesar employed guerrilla tactics to disrupt Pompey's supply lines.
• Caesar used a disciplined force to outmaneuver Pompey's larger army, focusing on strong center formations and flanking with cavalry and veterans.

• Caesar focused on overwhelming Pompey's flanks with infantry alone.

Multiple Choice

What was the fate of Pompey after his defeat by Caesar?

• He was captured and executed in Rome.

• He was assassinated in Egypt.

• He fled to Spain and lived in exile.

• He was pardoned by Caesar.

Multiple Choice

What were the consequences of Pompey's arrival in Egypt after losing at Pharsalus?

• He was welcomed by Ptolemy XIII and got another army

• He was murdered by the pharaoh's advisers

• He became the ruler of Egypt for a time

• He formed an alliance with Cleopatra VII

Open Ended

Prediction time... so it is all happy now right? Caesar control everything and Pompey is defeated... so now what?

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Crosses the Rubicon

• Caesar vs. Pompey (Pharsalus)

• Caesar in Egypt (Cleopatra)

• Caesar as Dictator

• Assassination of Caesar

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Multiple Choice

What significant event occurred in 60-50 BC involving Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?

• Formation of the Second Triumvirate

• Formation of the First Triumvirate

• Caesar's assassination

• Battle of Pharsalus

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Caesar forms the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus.

• After Crassus dies in battle, the alliance collapses. Pompey sides with the Senate, demanding Caesar disband his army.

• Caesar defeats Pompey’s forces at the Battle of Pharsalus in Greece.

• Returning to Rome, Caesar is appointed “Dictator for Life.”

• On March 15th, 44 BCE — the Ides of March — Caesar is assassinated by Brutus, Cassius, and other senators who claim they acted to save the Republic.

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Open Ended

So... Caesar is dead and the conspirators who assassinated him will restore the Republic... wahooo! Right... right?

Multiple Choice

What strategy did Mark Antony use to turn public opinion against the conspirators?

• He displayed Caesar's body

• He fled to Italy

• He assassinated Brutus

• He took control of the Senate

• He spread songs of Caesar's greatness...

Multiple Choice

What did Caesar's will leave the people of Rome?

• A collection of ancient artifacts for the people of Rome.
• A decree to build a new temple in his honor.
• A list of names for future leaders of Rome.
• A legacy of money and public parks for the people of Rome.
• A promise of military support for future wars.

Multiple Select

Who were the three men that joined forces in the second triumvirate?

• Mark Antony

• Octavian

• Lepidus

• Julius Caesar

• Brutus

Match

Match the following

• Senator and former ally of Caesar; respected idealist torn between loyalty and saving the Republic.

• Veteran general and bitter opponent of Caesar’s power; mastermind behind the assassination plot.

• Caesar’s closest ally and loyal general; powerful, impulsive, and fiercely devoted to Caesar’s legacy.

• Caesar’s Master of Horse; minor but trusted political ally with control over Rome’s troops.

• Caesar’s 18-year-old adopted heir; intelligent, underestimated, quietly preparing to claim his inheritance.

Brutus

Cassius

Marc Antony

Lepidus

Octavian

• Brutus

• Cassius

• Marc Antony

• Lepidus

• Octavian

Multiple Choice

What were the outcomes of the battles near Philippi in Macedonia?

• The Triumvirs lost the battles and the Republic was restored

• Brutus and Cassius committed suicide

• The old Republic was restored

• The Triumvirs committed suicide

• A king was chosen from among them

Multiple Choice

What was the outcome of the triumvirate's actions in the Roman Republic?

• They united the provinces

• They split up the provinces

• They created a new government

• They abolished the provinces

Open Ended

So now what - will they all just get along in their newly divided Roman Republic? Prediction time.

Multiple Choice

How did Octavian gather support against Marc Antony?

• Octavian allied with Antony to strengthen their power and they had their two families marry.

• Octavian ignored Antony and focused on his own rule which made him look stronger.

• Octavian used military force to eliminate Antony's supporters inside of Rome itself.

• Octavian sought peace with Antony to avoid conflict.
• Octavian gathered support by portraying Antony as a threat to Rome and using propaganda.

Multiple Choice

What happened to Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

• Marc Antony and Cleopatra fled to Greece after their victory.
• Marc Antony and Cleopatra were captured and exiled to a distant island.
• Marc Antony and Cleopatra both committed suicide after their defeat by Octavian.
• Marc Antony was killed in battle, and Cleopatra escaped to Rome.
• Cleopatra became the queen of Egypt and ruled alone after Antony's death.

Match

Match the following

• Defeated and broken Roman general; abandoned by his legions, chose suicide over capture.

• Last Pharaoh of Egypt; proud, cunning ruler who killed herself to avoid Roman humiliation.

• Victorious and calculating heir of Caesar; now undisputed master of Rome’s empire.

• Octavian’s brilliant admiral and strategist; key architect of victory at Actium.

• Former Triumvir, politically sidelined and living in quiet exile under Octavian’s control.

Marc Antony

Cleopatra

Octavian

Agrippa

Lepidus

• Marc Antony

• Cleopatra

• Octavian

• Agrippa

• Lepidus

Multiple Choice

How did Agrippa overcome not having a fleet? (hint it involves a lake)

• He relied on land forces to secure victory and avoided sea conflicts.

• He built a fleet from local resources and then took it into the desert.

• He made a lake and used it to train a navy.

• He used a river for a direct assault into the enemy ocean.

• He negotiated with neighboring cities for ships.

Multiple Choice

What did Octavian do after he defeated Marc Antony?

• Octavian fled to Egypt to escape the Roman Senate who would not forgive him for his crime of killing Antony.

• Octavian became a general in the Roman army and handed back the power to the Senate.

• Antony and him made peace and shared time in Egypt so that nobody would fight over it anymore.

• Octavian was defeated and lost his claim to power.
• Octavian became the first Roman Emperor (slowly), establishing the Roman Empire.

Multiple Choice

What was the long-term impact of Caesar's assassination on the Roman Republic?

• It led to the immediate restoration of the Republic.

• It resulted in the establishment of the Roman Empire.

• It caused the Roman Republic to collapse immediately.

• It had no significant impact.

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Caesar assassinated: Senators kill Caesar to save the Republic from tyranny.

• New Triumvirate: Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus unite to avenge Caesar’s death.

• Brutus and Cassius defeated: Triumvirs crush the assassins at Philippi in Greece.

• Octavian fights Marc Antony and defeats him: Naval victory at Actium ends their power struggle.

• Octavian takes control of Rome: Becomes sole ruler, founding the Roman Empire as Augustus.

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Multiple Choice

Does a new power rise to fight Octavian?

• Yes

• No