Abdominal Vessels

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

• Obesity

• Low blood pressure

• Female gender

• Young age

Multiple Select

Which of the following are possible complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

• Rupture

• Thrombosis

• Embolization

• Hypertension

Multiple Choice

Which measurements are important when scanning the aorta in the transverse plane for AAA assessment?

• A-P and lateral distance of the outside walls

• Length of the femoral artery

• Diameter of the pulmonary artery

• Thickness of the myocardium

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the aortic wall is affected in an aortic dissection?

• Intima

• Adventitia

• Media

• Endothelium

Open Ended

Explain how blood flow patterns differ above and below the renal arteries in the aorta.

Multiple Choice

Which arteries arise from the celiac axis?

• Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

• Superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

• Renal artery, iliac artery

• Right gastric artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery

Multiple Choice

What are the main branches of the common hepatic artery?

• Right and left hepatic arteries, gastroduodenal artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery

• Splenic artery, left gastric artery, superior mesenteric artery

• Inferior mesenteric artery, renal artery, celiac trunk

• Portal vein, bile duct, dorsal pancreatic artery

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organs is NOT supplied by the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

• Distal duodenum

• Small intestine

• Colon

• Stomach

Multiple Choice

Which arteries are classified as low resistant in mesenteric Doppler flow patterns?

• Celiac, hepatic, splenic

• SMA, IMA

• Renal, celiac, hepatic

• Splenic, SMA, IMA

Multiple Choice

What is the Doppler velocity threshold for diagnosing >70% stenosis in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

• 200 cm/s

• 250 cm/s

• 275 cm/s

• 325 cm/s

Multiple Choice

Which veins form the portal vein?

• Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

• Inferior mesenteric vein and hepatic vein

• Renal vein and splenic vein

• Inferior vena cava and hepatic vein

Multiple Select

Which of the following are features of a normal portal vein as seen on Doppler ultrasound?

• Low velocity (20-40 cm/s)

• No filling defects

• Hepatopetal direction

• Presence of varices

Multiple Select

Which of the following are common sites for gastric varices in portal hypertension?

• Near the stomach (epigastrum)

• Under the left lobe of liver

• Near the spleen

• In the right atrium

Multiple Choice

Where does the left renal vein course?

• anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA

• posterior to the aorta and anterior to the SMA

• posterior to the IVC and lateral to the aorta

• anterior to the IVC and posterior to the aorta

• wherever it wants.

Multiple Select

Normally, flow patterns in the portal vein are characterized by: (multiple answers)

• Continuous or minimally phasic flow

• High mean velocities

• Pulsatile biphasic flow

• Triphasic flow

• low peak and mean velocities

Multiple Select

What are the three structures visualized at the porta hepatis that make up the portal triad? (multiple answers)

• Main portal vein

• Common bile duct

• Left portal vein

• Hepatic vein

• Proper hepatic artery

Multiple Select

Which statements is are true about the main portal vein: (multiple answers)

• It is retroperitoneal

• It supplies approximately 75% of the blood to the liver

• It is formed by the splenic and superior mesenteric veins at the portal-splenic confluence

• Blood flow is hepatopedal

• Blood flow is hepatofugal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following descriptions could represent a normal blood flow pattern in the superior mesenteric artery after ingestion of a meal?

• Peak systolic velocity greater than 200 cm/sec with high diastolic flow

• Peak systolic velocity greater than 200 cm/sec with low diastolic flow and systolic flow reversal

• Peak systolic velocity of 135 cm/sec with high diastolic flow

• Peak systolic velocity of 135 cm/sec, systolic flow reversal, and low diastolic flow

Multiple Choice

Normal renal artery blood flow patterns can be described as:

• Low resistive with high diastolic flow

• High resistive with low diastolic flow

• High resistive with high diastolic flow

• Low resistive with low diastolic flow

• Annoying