GE L12 Unit 6 (Vocabulary & Academic Language)

Unit 6
Vocabulary
&
Academic language

Global English Level 12

Vocabulary

Body mass index

Definition: A calculation of whether a person is overweight, a normal weight, or underweight.
Example: My doctor checked my body mass index during the health check.

Vocabulary

Centenarian

Definition: A person who is over 100 years old.
Example: The village celebrated the birthday of a local centenarian.

Vocabulary

Cholesterol

Definition: A substance in the body that can affect heart health.
Example: Too much cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.

Vocabulary

Circulation

Definition: The movement of blood around the body.
Example: Regular exercise helps improve blood circulation.

Vocabulary

Consumption

Definition: The amount of something that is eaten, drunk, or used.
Example: Reducing sugar consumption is good for your health.

Vocabulary

Corroborate

Definition: To support or confirm an idea.
Example: The new study corroborates the previous research.

Vocabulary

Daily intake

Definition: The amount of food or drink a person has in one day.
Example: Her daily intake of water increased after she started exercising.

Vocabulary

Detrimental

Definition: Causing harm or damage.
Example: Smoking has a detrimental effect on the lungs.

Vocabulary

Enhance

Definition: To improve or make something better.
Example: Eating healthy food can enhance your energy levels.

Vocabulary

Life expectancy

Definition: The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Example: Life expectancy has increased over the past decade.

Vocabulary

Longitudinal study

Definition: Research that collects data over a long period of time.
Example: A longitudinal study showed how diet affects health over many years.

Vocabulary

Long term

Definition: Continuing for a long period into the future.
Example: Regular exercise has long-term benefits for health.

Vocabulary

Nap

Definition: A short sleep, usually during the day.
Example: I took a short nap after school to recharge.

Vocabulary

Nonagenarian

Definition: A person who is over 90 years old.
Example: The nonagenarian still walks every morning.

Vocabulary

Physiological benefits

Definition: Things that have a good effect on the human body.
Example: Swimming provides many physiological benefits, like stronger muscles.

Vocabulary

Protein

Definition: A nutrient that helps the body grow and repair tissues.
Example: Eggs are a good source of protein.

Vocabulary

Put to the test

Definition: To find out how good a thing or idea is.
Example: The new diet plan was put to the test for six months.

Vocabulary

Sedentary lifestyle

Definition: A way of living where a person is not active and does a lot of sitting.
Example: A sedentary lifestyle can lead to health problems.

Vocabulary

Whole grains

Definition: Foods made from grains that include all their natural parts, giving more nutrients.
Example: Whole grains like oats and brown rice are healthier than white rice.

Academic Language

Academic Language

Agriculture

Definition: The science or practice of farming and growing crops.
Example: Agriculture helped early societies produce enough food to survive.

Academic Language

Civilisation

Definition: A developed human society with culture, government, and social organisation.
Example: Ancient civilisations built cities and created writing systems.

Academic Language

Colonial

Definition: Related to a country controlling another territory.
Example: Colonial powers established settlements far from their homeland.

Academic Language

Economic expansion

Definition: A period when a country's economy grows.
Example: New trade routes led to economic expansion in Europe.

Academic Language

Empire

Definition: A group of countries ruled by one leader or government.
Example: The Roman Empire controlled large areas for centuries.

Academic Language

Fertility ritual

Definition: A ceremony meant to promote growth, crops, or reproduction.
Example: Some ancient cultures performed fertility rituals before planting season.

Academic Language

Food surplus

Definition: Extra food beyond what people need to survive.
Example: Food surplus allowed people to focus on jobs other than farming.

Academic Language

Geopolitical

Definition: Related to politics and geography, especially international relations.
Example: Geopolitical competition increased during the age of exploration.

Academic Language

Competition

Definition: Rivalry between groups or individuals trying to gain something.
Example: There was competition among kingdoms for control of trade routes.

Academic Language

Hunter-gatherer

Definition: A person who gets food by hunting animals and collecting plants.
Example: Early humans lived as hunter-gatherers before agriculture began.

Academic Language

Industrial development

Definition: Growth of industries and manufacturing.
Example: Industrial development transformed economies in the 19th century.

Academic Language

Maritime

Definition: Related to the sea, ships, or navigation.
Example: Maritime trade connected continents long before airplanes existed.

Academic Language

Military conflict

Definition: Fighting between armies or countries.
Example: Military conflicts often changed the boundaries of early empires.

Academic Language

Monopoly

Definition: Complete control of a product or trade by one group.
Example: Spain tried to keep a monopoly on American silver.

Academic Language

Prehistory

Definition: The period before written records existed.
Example: Archaeologists study artifacts to learn about prehistory.

Academic Language

Social transformation

Definition: Major changes in how a society is organised.
Example: The shift to agriculture caused social transformation in early communities.

Academic Language

Societal organisation

Definition: The structure of how groups and roles are arranged in a society.
Example: Societal organisation became more complex as populations grew.

Academic Language

Staple crops

Definition: Main foods grown and eaten regularly.
Example: Rice and maize are staple crops in many parts of the world.

Academic Language

Taxation

Definition: The system by which governments collect money from citizens.
Example: Taxation funded armies and public buildings in ancient empires.

Academic Language

Trade route

Definition: A path used for buying, selling, and transporting goods.
Example: The Silk Road was one of the most famous ancient trade routes.