PPT 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion

Reorder

Place the soil horizons in order from TOP to BOTTOM

topsoil; upper part consists mostly of organic matter; lower part is mixture of mineral matter and organic matter -

subsoil; contains fine clay particles from A horizon -

partially weathered parent material -

• mostly organic matter and minerals, very porous & permeable

• sand and fine clay particles, note very porous and but still somewhat permeable

• partially weathered parent material, not porous and not permeable

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Multiple Choice

What is the O Horizon also known as?

• Organic

• Inorganic

• Mineral

• Humus

Multiple Choice

What is the layer of soil that lies beneath the topsoil and contains minerals leached from above?

• Topsoil

• Subsoil

• Bedrock

• Clay

Multiple Choice

What is the layer of soil that is made up of weathered rock and minerals?

• Topsoil

• Subsoil

• Bedrock

• Clay

Multiple Choice

Which type of soil drains the slowest?

• Sand

• Silt

• Clay

• Loam

Multiple Choice

Which soil type is known for its ability to retain moisture and nutrients?

• Clay

• Sandy

• Loam

• Peat

Multiple Choice

What is the top layer of soil that is rich in organic material called?

• Subsoil

• Clay

• Topsoil

• Sand

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the process of soil formation?

• Pedogenesis

• Soil Erosion

• Nutrient Cycling

• Land Degradation

Multiple Choice

What is the main component of soil that provides structure and holds moisture?

• Organic Matter

• Mineral Particles

• Water

• Air

Multiple Choice

What is the bottom layer of the soil profile called?

• Topsoil

• Subsoil

• Bedrock

• Clay

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the arrangement of soil layers?

• Soil Structure

• Soil Profile

• Soil Horizon

• Soil Layering

Multiple Choice

What are the layers of soil also known as?

• Soil Layers

• Soil Horizons

• Soil Strata

• Soil Profiles

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the uppermost layer of soil that supports plant life?

• Subsoil

• Topsoil

• Bedrock

• Clay

Multiple Choice

What is the process called when organic matter decomposes and enriches the soil?

• Decomposition

• Humification

• Mineralization

• Aeration

Multiple Choice

What is the layer of soil that consists of partially weathered parent material?

• Layer 1

• Layer 2

• Layer 3

• Layer 4

Multiple Choice

What is the part of the soil that is formed from the breakdown of dead plants and animals?

• Humus

• Clay

• Sand

• Silt

Multiple Choice

In which layer of the soil profile is a solid layer of rock found?

• Layer 1

• Layer 2

• Layer 3

• Layer 4

Multiple Choice

What are the environmental impacts of deforestation as shown in the image?

• Loss of biodiversity

• Increased carbon emissions

• Soil erosion

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

How does deforestation contribute to land degradation and reduced fertility?

• By increasing soil erosion and nutrient loss

• By promoting biodiversity and soil health

• By preventing desertification and soil compaction

• By enhancing water retention and nutrient cycling