Indigenous People - Draft Template

Geography of the Indigenous People

By Catherine McHenry

Review of First Grade Geography

• What are the Cardinal Directions?

• What is a Compass Rose?

• How do Cardinal Directions help us read a map?

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Cardinal Directions

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This video First!

​This video Last!

Labelling

Label the Cardinal Directions

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

East ( E )

North ( N )

South ( S )

West ( W )

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Which one is the United States of America?​

Eastern Woodlands

Where did the Eastern Woodlands people live?

• ​In the Eastern part of North America

• From the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River

• Includes areas that are today Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and more

Eastern Woodlands

What was the geography like?

Land

• Lots of forests (that’s why they’re called “Woodlands”)

• Many rivers, lakes, and streams

• Areas with fertile soil for farming

Climate

• Four seasons: spring, summer, fall, winter

• Moderate temperatures — warm summers, cold winters

Eastern Woodlands

How did geography affect their lives?

Homes

• Made from wood, bark, and saplings

• Longhouses or wigwams depending on the tribe

Food

• Three Sisters crops: corn, beans, squash

• Hunting and fishing because forests and rivers were everywhere

Clothing

• Made from animal skins and plants

Transportation

• Canoes made from hollowed-out trees because of the many rivers

Plains in the Midwest

Where did the Plains people live?

• The Plains tribes lived in the Midwest of the United States.

• The area is called the Great Plains.

• It's a huge, open, grassy land

Plains in the Midwest

What was the geography like?

• The land is mostly flat. (It is called a plain!)

• There were lots of grass and very few trees.

• The weather had hot summers and very cold winters.

• It was often dry and windy

Plains in the Midwest

How did geography affect their lives?

The Main Animal (Resource)

• The mot important resource was the bison (buffalo).

• The flat, grassy land was the perfect home for the bison.

• They used every part of the bison for food, clothing, and tools.

Plains in the Midwest

How did geography affect their lives?

. Their Home (Shelter)

• They were nomadic, which means they moved around a lot.

• They followed the bison herds across the flat land.

• They lived in tipis (or teepees) because they were easy to carry and set up quickly

Plains in the Midwest

How did geography affect their lives?

• Getting Around (Transportation)

  • They used horses to travel fast and hunt bison easily on the open, flat plains

South West (Pueblo)

​The Pueblo tribes lived in the Southwest of the United States.

• This area includes states like Arizona and New Mexico.

• The land is mostly a desert or dry plateau (a flat area that is higher than the land around it).

• It is hot during the day and can be cold at night.

• It is very dry—there is hardly any rain.

• The land has canyons, mesas (flat-topped hills), and rivers (like the Rio Grande)

​Where did they live? And what was the land like?

South West (Pueblo)

South West (Pueblo)

​Their Home (Shelter)

• Problem: There were no large animal hides (like bison) or many tall trees for building. They also needed homes that stayed cool in the desert heat.

• Solution: They used earth and rock to build strong, permanent houses called pueblos.

• Affect on Life: Pueblo means "village" in Spanish. These homes were often built stacked on top of each other, sometimes on the sides of cliffs! They were made from adobe (bricks made of mud, sand, and straw). They didn't move—they were sedentary (stayed in one place).

​How did geography affect their lives?

South West (Pueblo)

​Food and Water (Resource Use)

• Problem: Since it was a desert, they needed clever ways to grow food with little water.

• Solution: They became expert farmers.

• Affect on Life: They grew the "Three Sisters" crops: corn, beans, and squash. They built smart irrigation systems (small ditches to bring river water to their crops) to survive the dry climate.

​How did geography affect their lives?

Hotspot

Which one is the Eastern Woodlands region?

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Which one is the Plains region?

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Which one is the South West (Pueblo) region?