Fall Term 2 Week 8 period 7 CART

Multiple Choice

Identify the structure labelled "D" in the diagram.

• Kidney

• Ureter

• Bladder

• Urethra

Multiple Choice

What is the cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

• A type of cancer

• A genetic disorder

• A viral infection

• A bacterial infection

Open Ended

What might cause urine to change color?

Open Ended

What is the significance of controlling sugar levels in diabetic nephropathy?

Multiple Choice

What are the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease?

• Pain

• Hematuria

• Hypertension

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of hemodialysis?

• To filter blood

• To perform surgery on kidneys

• To replace lost liver function

• To increase blood pressure

Multiple Choice

What are the potential consequences of having large kidney stones?

• Severe pain

• No symptoms

• Increased hydration

• Frequent urination

Multiple Choice

What preventive measure could be used to avoid untreated urinary tract infections leading to kidney infections?

• Increase consumption of cranberry juice

• Use of antibiotics in patients with recurrent UTIs

• Rely on decreased fluid intake

• Recommend bed rest and reduced physical activity to prevent infection spread

Open Ended

Why is urinary incontinence more common in women?

Multiple Choice

Evaluate the potential impact of chronic dehydration on kidney stones formation.

• Has no impact on kidney stone formation.

• Increases the risk of kidney stones by concentrating solutes in urine.

• Decreases the risk of kidney stones by reducing urine output.

• Increases urine pH, reducing stone formation.

Multiple Choice

What does dark urine suggest?

• Dehydration

• Infection

• Bleeding

• Normal

Multiple Choice

What is the tissue region labelled C called?

• medulla

• cortex

• pelvis

• capsule

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the nephron?

• Reabsorb nutrients

• Filter blood to form urine

• Secrete hormones

• Produce red blood cells

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the ureter?

• Transport blood to kidneys

• Transport urine to bladder

• Filter waste from blood

• Store urine

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

• Allows urine excretion

• Allows bladder expansion

• Prevents urine leakage

• Collects urine from ureters

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the urethra?

• Carries urine out of body

• Filters blood

• Produces urine

• Stores urine

Multiple Choice

What triggers the signals in the micturition reflex?

• Bladder stretch

• External sphincter contraction

• Involuntary muscle relaxation

• Urge to urinate

Multiple Select

What are the main functions of the kidneys?

• Filters ~180 L/day

• Forms 1–2 L urine daily

• Regulates blood pressure

• Produces EPO for RBCs

Multiple Choice

Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction and efferent arteriole vasodilation will result in

• an increased GFR

• no changes to the GFR

• a decreased GFR

• IDK

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of reabsorption and secretion in the kidneys?

• To filter blood

• To reabsorb water and ions

• To secrete hormones

• To produce urine

Multiple Choice

What is the effect of diuretics on urine output?

• Increase urine output

• Decrease urine output

• No effect on urine output

• Used to treat diabetes

Multiple Choice

When the level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

• More urine is produced

• Less water is reabsorbed by the nephron

• Less urine is produced

• More salts are secreted by the nephron

Multiple Choice

What is the function of ADH?

• decreases reabsorption of water and salts
• increases reabsorption of hydrogen ions
• increase reabsorption of salts
• increases reabsorption of water 

Multiple Choice

What is the process by which ammonia is converted to urea in the nitrogen waste handling system?

• Urea Cycle

• Amino Acid Breakdown

• Protein Synthesis

• Kidney Filtration