ch 14

Open Ended

Why is it significant for plants like winter wheat to sense and respond to seasonal changes such as winter before flowering?

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA carries DNA instructions to the ribosomes?

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Micro RNA (miRNA)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cell structures is responsible for housing the genetic material and is labeled as 'A' in the diagram?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Golgi Body

• Ribosome

Open Ended

Explain the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis and describe how different types of RNA are involved in this process.

Multiple Choice

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C)

• Guanine (G)

Fill in the Blanks

RNA uses

instead of thymine.

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are true about the promoter region in transcription.

• It is where RNA polymerase binds.

• It begins transcription.

• It is found on the coding strand.

• It is involved in translation.

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between introns and exons in RNA editing?

• Introns are spliced together, exons are removed

• Introns are removed, exons are spliced together

• Both introns and exons are removed

• Both introns and exons are spliced together

Multiple Choice

Extracted from image: Both RNA and DNA contain: a) thymine b) deoxyribose c) guanine

• thymine

• deoxyribose

• guanine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about codons is correct?

• A codon consists of two bases on mRNA

• A codon codes for multiple amino acids

• A codon consists of three bases on mRNA

• A codon is found only in DNA

Open Ended

Explain the process by which RNA is used to synthesize proteins in a cell.

Multiple Choice

Using the codon chart, which amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

• Methionine

• Leucine

• Valine

• Serine

Fill in the Blanks

Amino acids are abbreviated to

letter words.

Multiple Choice

What amino acid does the codon AAG code for?

• Lysine

• Leucine

• Serine

• Methionine

Multiple Select

Which of the following codons are stop codons?

• UAA

• AUG

• UAG

• UGA

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a start codon and a stop codon in the process of translation.

Fill in the Blanks

The process of translation begins at the

codon.

Multiple Select

Which components are directly involved in the formation of a protein during translation?

• tRNA

• mRNA

• large subunit

• small subunit

Open Ended

Describe the role of tRNA in the process of translation, using the diagrams provided.

Multiple Choice

Which process converts DNA into mRNA and where does it occur?

• Transcription in the nucleus

• Translation in the cytoplasm

• Replication in the mitochondria

• Transcription in the cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms is associated with bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

• tRNA

• DNA

• Codon

• Protein

Open Ended

Explain the role of mRNA in protein synthesis.

Fill in the Blanks

A mutagen is an agent in the environment that can cause

.

Multiple Select

Select all consequences of a point mutation substitution in DNA.

• It can change the amino acid sequence.

• It may result in a silent mutation.

• It always deletes a base.

• It may code for the same amino acid.

Open Ended

Describe how insertions and deletions can affect the resulting protein.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA?

• Contains ribose sugar

• Double stranded

• Has uracil instead of thymine

• Single stranded

Open Ended

How do winter wheat plants know when to flower after going through winter?