Q3SY25-26_IM_Bio 1 LT1 Review

Multiple Choice

Which statement BEST describes how photosynthesis and respiration support life in an ecosystem?

• Photosynthesis converts chemical energy into light energy, while respiration stores light energy in glucose.

• Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen that are needed for respiration, which releases energy for cellular activities.

• Respiration only occurs in animals, while photosynthesis only occurs in plants, so they do not depend on each other.

• Respiration produces glucose and oxygen for photosynthesis, so plants do not need sunlight.

Multiple Choice

The intensity of the color change in bromothymol blue is directly proportional to the number of germinating seeds in the test tube.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The bromothymol blue changes color due to chemical reactions in the seeds themselves.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If the tube with germinating seeds is left sealed for several more hours, the bromothymol blue indicator will turn fully yellow-green.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If dormant seeds are left for several hours, the bromothymol blue will eventually change color because all seeds slowly begin cellular respiration over time.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A leaf is placed in a sealed container with enough water but no light. Which gas level is expected to change and why?

• CO₂ decreases because the leaf photosynthesizes

• O₂ increases because the leaf photosynthesizes

• CO₂ increases because the leaf continues respiration

• O₂ decreases because the leaf stops respiration

Multiple Choice

Condition X likely represents a plant in a well-watered environment because the guard cells are turgid and the stoma is open.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If a plant is placed in darkness, K⁺ ions are pumped into guard cells, leading to stomatal opening.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Condition Y shows higher oxygen output than Condition X because the stomata are closed and oxygen cannot escape.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Fish A has a higher oxygen uptake partly because thinner gill membranes reduce diffusion distance.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The data are sufficient to conclude that gill thickness is the only factor affecting oxygen uptake.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Despite lacking lungs and blood-based oxygen transport, insects can sustain active movement. Which explanation BEST accounts for this ability?

• Oxygen diffuses directly from the tracheae to body tissues, reducing reliance on circulation.

• Insects compensate for low oxygen uptake by reducing carbon dioxide production.

• Tracheae function as lungs by increasing blood oxygen concentration.

• Insects rely primarily on anaerobic respiration during activity.

Multiple Choice

An amphibian spends part of its life underwater and part on land. Which combination of respiratory strategies BEST supports this lifestyle?

• Tracheal system and spiracles

• Gills and air sacs

• Cutaneous respiration and lungs

• Countercurrent exchange and tracheae

Open Ended

Explain how the structures of plants and animals help them carry out respiration efficiently in their environments. Then, describe one similarity and one difference between plant and animal respiration processes.

Multiple Choice

A hospital lab recorded immune cell activity in four patients (A–D) after different infections. Use the table above to answer the question. Which of the following statements is correct based on the observations?

• Patient A shows an innate immune response because neutrophils and monocytes acted quickly to fight infection.

• Patient B shows a cell-mediated adaptive response because B cells are producing antibodies.

• Patient C shows an adaptive immune response because NK cells and basophils are specifically targeting pathogens.

• Patient D shows an innate immune response because cytotoxic T cells act immediately.

Multiple Choice

Arrange the CORRECT events when you cut your finger, it becomes warm and swollen?

• 1 → 5 → 4 → 3 → 6 → 2

• 1 → 4→ 5 → 6 → 3 → 2

• 4 → 1 → 5 → 3 → 6 → 2

• 4 → 1 → 5 → 6 → 3 → 2

Multiple Choice

The graph shows antibody concentration over time after an initial exposure and a secondary exposure to the same antigen. After the secondary immune response reaches its peak, the antibody level decreases. What is the MOST accurate explanation for the decrease in antibody concentration after the secondary exposure?

• Memory cells are destroyed after secondary exposure, preventing continuous antibody secretion.

• The antigen has been eliminated, so plasma cells reduce antibody production and short-lived plasma cells undergo apoptosis.

• Innate immune responses suppress adaptive immunity once antibody levels become high.

• Antibodies are rapidly degraded because secondary immune responses are temporary by nature.

Multiple Choice

A patient infected with a new strain of dengue virus shows recovery even though laboratory tests detect very low antibody levels. Doctors note that infected body cells were destroyed early, limiting viral spread before antibodies increased.

• cell-mediated adaptive

• humoral adaptive

• active artificial

• passive natural

Multiple Choice

During a measles outbreak, a school requires vaccination. Weeks after receiving the vaccine, a student develops long-term protection even though they were never exposed to the actual virus.

• cell-mediated adaptive

• humoral adaptive

• active artificial

• passive natural

Multiple Choice

A newborn whose mother recently recovered from COVID-19 shows temporary resistance to the virus during the first months of life, even though the infant’s immune system is still immature.

• cell-mediated adaptive

• humoral adaptive

• active artificial

• passive natural

Multiple Choice

After recovering from hepatitis A, a student is later exposed again to the same virus but shows no symptoms. Blood tests reveal a rapid rise in specific antibodies that neutralize the virus before it enters liver cells.

• cell-mediated adaptive

• humoral adaptive

• active artificial

• passive natural

Multiple Choice

Arrange the CORRECT order of events when there is extracellular pathogen.

• 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4

• 3, 1, 2, 5, 6, 4

• 1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 4

• 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 5

Multiple Choice

If a person’s adaptive immune system, after being inflamed, is activated where B cells secrete antibodies against the antigens, and cytotoxic T cells kill the unwanted cell/tissue after antigen recognition, what might be the trigger?

• blood transfusion mismatch

• tissue graft mismatch

• severe bacterial infection

• skin injury

Multiple Choice

The WBC count of 12,500 /µL is above the normal range, which may indicate the patient’s body is fighting an infection

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Neutrophils are part of the adaptive immune system because they “remember” previous infections.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The monocyte percentage of 7% is slightly above the average of 2–8%, which may indicate the body is mobilizing long-term immune defenses.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If a patient experiences sudden severe reactions, including hives, itching, and difficulty breathing, the lymphocyte percentage of 2% is too low to explain an allergic reaction.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The basophil percentage of 1% is at the upper normal limit, which may indicate the patient is experiencing an early allergic response or inflammation

• True

• False

Open Ended

Explain how flu virus vaccine will contribute to your long-term immunity and possible severe cases of the diseases.