Unit 4: Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA -> RNA -> Protein

• Protein -> RNA -> DNA

• RNA -> DNA -> Protein

• DNA -> Protein -> RNA

Multiple Choice

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What process is illustrated in the image where the newly made mRNA leaves the nucleus?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

What amino acids do the codons UAC and GCU code for?

• Tyrosine and Alanine

• Alanine and Valine

• Serine and Glycine

• Leucine and Tryptophan

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

The job of tRNA is to

• copy the genetic code from DNA

• bring amino acids to the ribosome

• bring the code from the DNA to the ribosome

• synthesize amino acids

Multiple Choice

Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGGCAAGTACGT

• ACCGTTCATGCA
• UGGCAAGUACGU
• UCCGUUCUUGCU
• ACCGUUCAUGCA

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleotide

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

• codon on the rRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA

• anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

• anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA

• codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

Multiple Choice

Use the mRNA below to select the correct amino acid sequence:

AUG-UCA-AAA-UAG

• MET-SER-LYS-STOP

• MET-THR-LYS-TYR

• LEU-SER-CYS-STOP

• ILE-LYS-SER-STOP

Multiple Choice

The codon wheel is used to find what?

• tRNA

• Amino Acids

• rRNA

• anticodons

Multiple Choice

A mutation is defined as:

• A change in the cell's structure

• Anything that changes in an embryo

• Any change in the physical features of a human

• A change in the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation is shown?

• Substitution mutation
• Insertion mutation
• Translocation

• Deletion mutation

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Inversion

Multiple Choice

Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?

• deletion
• insertion
• silent
• transverse

Multiple Choice

A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.

• Addition, division
• Deletion, substitution
• Insertion, substitution

• Insertion, deletion

Multiple Choice

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

• Insertion- Frameshift

• Deletion- Substitution

• Deletion -Frameshift

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation causes a premature stop codon to appear in the amino acid sequence?

• Deletion Mutation

• Nonsense Mutation

• Missense Mutation

• Silent Mutation

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation is shown in the picture?

• Deletion Mutation

• Insertion Mutation

• Silent Mutation

• Missense Mutation

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation is shown in the picture?

• Silent Mutation

• Insertion Mutation

• Missense Mutation

• Nonsense Mutation

Multiple Choice

Missense, Nonsense, and Silent mutations are all more specific results of a _____ mutation

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Substitution

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted shifting the entire DNA sequence. Entire protein will be changed.

• Substitution Mutation

• Silent Mutation

• Frameshift Mutation

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

Are all mutations bad?

• Yes
• No

Multiple Choice

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• dRNA

Multiple Choice

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

• base
• codon
• amine
• serine

Multiple Choice

The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______

• translation
• transcription
• replication

Multiple Choice

The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____

• transcription
• rRNA
• replication
• translation

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide base that takes the place of Thymine in RNA.

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Adenine

• uRNA

Multiple Choice

The reverse codon found on the tRNA.

• Codon

• Anticodon

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Three nucleotide bases that code for the beginning

of a strand of protein.

• Uracil

• Stop Codon

• Anticodon

• Start Codon

Multiple Choice

Three nucleotide bases that code for the end

of a strand of protein.

• Anticodon

• Start Codon

• Stop Codon

• tRNA