PSYCH - Chapter 4 Biological basis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

• A person experiences a real response to a fake treatment.

• A person does not respond to any treatment.

• A person only responds to real medication.

• A person experiences negative effects from a fake treatment.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are goals of psychiatric mental health nursing?

• Understand biological basis of brain functions

• Apply understanding to care for psychotropic treated patients

• Diagnose only physical illnesses

• Ignore psychosocial experiences

Multiple Choice

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating skeletal muscle coordination and maintaining equilibrium?

• Cerebellum

• Frontal lobe

• Temporal lobe

• Occipital lobe

Open Ended

How do PET and SPECT neuroimaging techniques contribute to understanding psychiatric disorders?

Multiple Choice

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to measure how well two regions of the brain communicate to each other. What is another use of fMRI mentioned in the slides?

• Diagnosing heart disease

• Demonstrating cognitive function

• Measuring blood sugar

• Detecting bone fractures

Multiple Choice

Which mental disorder is associated with increased metabolism in the high orbital glucose metabolism area according to PET scan images?

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Depression

• Schizophrenia

• Bipolar Disorder

Open Ended

Explain how neurotransmission occurs at the synapse and the role of neurotransmitters in this process.

Multiple Select

Which of the following steps are involved in the activities of neurons during signal transmission?

• Depolarization

• Conduction

• Repolarization

• All of the above

Multiple Select

Insufficient neurotransmission may be caused by which of the following?

• Deficient release of neurotransmitters

• Decrease in receptors

• Excess release of neurotransmitters

• Both A and B

Open Ended

How can excessive neurotransmission contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a way that neurotransmitters are destroyed after exerting their influence on the postsynaptic cell?

• Immediate inactivation at the postsynaptic membrane

• Conversion into hormones

• Absorption by glial cells

• Transformation into proteins

Open Ended

Explain the process of synaptic transmission as depicted in the diagram.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the transmission of neurotransmitters is correct?

• All brain activities involve neurons, neurotransmitters, and receptors.

• Receptors are not involved in pharmacologic interventions.

• Psychotropic medications only decrease neurotransmitter activity.

• Schizophrenia is unrelated to neurotransmitter transmission.

Multiple Choice

Which neurotransmitter is associated with both depression when decreased and anxiety states when increased?

• Serotonin

• Dopamine

• Glutamate

• Acetylcholine

Open Ended

Discuss the role of substance P in mood regulation and pain management.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a class of psychotropic drugs that affect neurotransmitter systems?

• Antidepressants

• Antianxiety agents

• Antibiotics

• Mood stabilizers

Open Ended

Explain the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the treatment of depression.

Multiple Select

Which of the following drugs are classified as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

• Phenelzine (Nardil)

• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

• Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Selegiline transdermal system (EMSAM)

Open Ended

Describe the difference between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in psychotropic drug therapy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes polypharmacy?

• The use of a single drug to treat multiple conditions

• Drug interaction complicated by the use of multiple medications, especially in older adults

• The process of drug absorption in the body

• The use of herbal supplements with prescription drugs