STAAR Biology - 6E

A mutation is least likely to affect a cell when the mutation -

• reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand
• allows the total number of bases in a DNA sequence to remain the same
• replaces a base with its complementary base
• produces a triplet that codes for the same amino acid as the original triplet

A codon chart is shown below.
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3' GCT 5' will affect the protein produced?

• GTT
• TCT
• TCC
• GCA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

• The siblings of the organism
• The offspring of the organism
• The other organisms living nearby
• The mating partner of the organism

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease affects people under the age of 65. Less than five percent of people who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have this type. Many cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease are inherited, a type known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Which statement is best supported by this information?

• FAD is the result of a genetic change in one or more chromosomes
• Natural selection will continue to reduce the incidence of FAD
• FAD affects only the genes of middle-aged people
• Deletion of one amino acid causes FAD

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.
What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?

• Substitution
• Insertion
• Deletion
• Frameshift

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown.
Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?

• Methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
• Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
• Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
• Methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In the 1960s the molecular biologist George Streisinger developed the strand-slippage hypothesis. Streisinger noticed that mutations occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeated sequences. When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?

• Nitrogenous bases are added
• Nitrogenous bases are exchanged
• Nitrogenous bases are damaged 
• Nitrogenous bases are deleted

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2