Ch 10 Inequalities of Gender and Race

About 85% of corporate secretaries are female. This is an example of

• gender identity.
• biological determinism. 
• de jure sexism. 
• occupational sex segregation.

What does the phrase biological determinism mean?

•  Females are genetically more aggressive then men.
• Because they give birth to offspring, all females are good mothers
•  Behavioral differences in males and females are a result of inherited characteristics.
• It has been determined that biology is the key to gender identity.

Most sociologists believe that

• gender differences have both biological and cultural causes
• family attitudes are responsible for virtually all gender differences.
•  biology is responsible for about 90% of gender differences.
• culture is responsible for about 90% of gender differences. 

Conflict theory claims that more powerful age groups use ____________ to remove elderly competitors from the workforce.

• the legal system
• political power
• forced retirement
•  physical force

Which of the following best describes the functionalist view of gender?

• It is to men’s advantage to prevent women from gaining political, economic, and social power.
• Traditional gender roles are outdated because people in modern society no longer need to rely on physical strength to survive.
• The traditional division of responsibilities between men and women exists because it has benefited society
• Children acquire their gender identity by interacting with the world around them, including parents, teachers, and peers.

In the 1800s, some schools had rules that female teachers had to be unmarried because most people believed that married women should stay home and take care of their families. However, no such rules applied to men in their work. This is an example of

• biological determinism
• feminization of poverty
•  sexism
• gender identity.

How does sex differ from gender?

• Sex is shaped by culture.
• Gender is a biological concept.
• Cultural patterns are part of gender
•  Behavior is determined by sex alone

Which of the following is true regarding poverty among elderly Americans?

• Elderly Americans are economically worse off than they were four decades ago.
•  The income gap between the wealthy elderly and the elderly poor is small.
• Elderly women have a lower rate of poverty than elderly men.
• The poverty rate for racial and ethnic minority elderly is higher than the poverty rate for whites.

Which of the following is true of how gender socialization occurs in schools?

• Teachers encourage different behaviors from boys and girls
• Boys are taught to dislike math and science. 
•  Girls are taught to dislike reading.
•  Boys are encouraged to be less assertive in class

Symbolic interactionists understand ageism as 

•  a competition for resources.
•  a struggle for power.
• the socialization of stereotypes.
• the result of industrialization.