Memory Review

Many people retain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This best illustrates ________ memory.

• implicit
• state-dependent
• sensory
• working

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

• visual stimulation; auditory stimulation
• short-term memory; long-term memory
• automatic processing; effortful processing
• explicit memory; implicit memory

A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.

• long-term
• iconic
• echoic
• short-term

Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

• priming; relearning
• recognition; recall
• retention; acquisition
• rehearsal; retrieval

A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as:

• the spacing effect
• retroactive interference
• repression
• proactive interference

Mrs. Ramos claims to remember being sexually abused by her father when she was less than a year old. Memory experts are most likely to doubt the reliability of her memory due to their awareness of:

• long-term potentiation
• infantile amnesia
• the self-reference effect
• the spacing effect

Two students took a memory test. Twenty nouns were shown sequentially on a TV monitor. Mallory tried to think of rhymes for each word as it appeared on the monitor. Bailey tried to think of ways each word could be used in a sentence. Based on Craik and Lockhart's levels-of-processing theory, you should predict that

• Mallory will have better recall of the words because she used semantic encoding
• Mallory will have better recall of the words because she used phonemic encoding
• Bailey will have better recall of the words because she used semantic encoding
• Bailey will have poorer recall of the words because she used structural encoding

The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word "MEMORY." This provides an illustration of:

• the spacing effect
• automatic processing
• chunking
• the method of loci

Elaine's memory of her Paris vacation is more positive today than it was last year just after she went. This best illustrates:

• rosy retrosepction
• proactive interference
• the self-reference effect
• the spacing effect

Martin can't remember who invented flush toilets because he was flirting with a classmate when his history professor described this momentous event. His forgetting appears to be due to

• motivated forgetting
• time decay
• repression
• ineffective encoding