AP Midterm Review 16

Arrange the following in order from most general to most specific:
1)  natural selection
2)  microevolution
3)  intrasexual selection
4)  evolution
5)  sexual selection

• 4, 1, 2, 3, 5
• 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
• 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
• 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Genetic variation ____.

• is created by the direct action of natural selection
• arises in response to changes in the environment
• must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
• tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that ____.

• does little to change allele frequencies
• is more important in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes
• happens in all populations
• has no effect on genetic variation

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?

• In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge.
• Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids.
• The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees.
• Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?

• The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.
• Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species.
• Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism.
• Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of a stable, non-evolving population in Hardy-Weinberg

• the population is small
• there is no migration in or out of the population
• there is no natural selection in the population
• mating in the population is random

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?

• Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
• The individuals would produce more offspring
• Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
• Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Looking at the image in the background, which species is most closely related to species W?

• V is most closely related to species W.
• X is most closely related to species W.
• Y & Z are equally closely related to species W.
• It is not possible to say from this tree.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

• nonrandom mating
• geographic isolation
• genetic drift
• gene flow

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?
1. formation of protobionts
2. synthesis of organic monomers
3. synthesis of organic polymers
4. formation of DNA-based genetic systems

• 1, 2, 3, 4
• 1, 3, 2, 4
• 2, 3, 1, 4
• 2, 3, 4, 1