Psychology: Memory

Which of the following represent the three key stages of memory?

• pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
• encoding, storage, and retrieval
• sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
• cornea, pupil, iris

Focusing one's awareness on a narrow range of stimuli is known as... 

• attention
• detention
• retention
• super focus

Elaboration is best defined as...

• Focusing one's attention on a narrow range of stimuli
• Making something sound more interesting
• Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
• Another name for the process of memory

Sensory memory is best described as...

• An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.
• The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information.
• Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding.
• Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second.

A limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds.

• Short-term memory
• Rehearsal
• Long-term memory
• Elaboration

An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.

• Elaboration
• Long-term memory
• Sensory memory
• Short-term memory

Schema is best defined as...

• Recovering information from memory stores.
• An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.
• An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event.
• The proportion of material retained (remembered).

The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information.

• Source-monitoring
• Chunking
• Elaboration
• Rehearsal

A "Chunk" is best defined as...

• A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit
• Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of emotionally stimulating events
• An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event.
• When a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source.

This occurs when subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle.

• Link method
• Serial-position effect
• Over-learning
• Retrospective memory