AP Psych - Unit 0 - Research Methods and Approaches

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

• exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.
• reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.
• dismiss the value of replication.
• overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates

• an illusion of control.
• random sampling.
• illusory correlation.
• the hindsight bias.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

• naturalistic observation.
  
• illusory correlation.
  
• overconfidence.
• the standard deviation.
  

Basing decisions or conclusions on observable evidence describes which of the following?

• hindsight bias
  
• confirmation bias
  
• empirical approach
• overconfidence
  

Hypotheses are best described as

• confirmations
• replications
• assumptions
• predictions

A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n)

• standard deviation
• control condition
• replication
• operational definition

Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?

• replication
• naturalistic observation
• the double-blind procedure
• random sampling

Gerald does a study that involves collecting absence data from a school, and seeks to find out the relationship between this data and students grades. This is best described as a

• correlational study

• case study
• experiment

• naturalistic observation

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head damaging the functioning of the frontal lobes. This instance provided evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in personality and behavior. Researchers have continued to study Gage's brain to better understand this link. Which research method is being used?

• experimentation
• case study
• survey
• correlation

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?

• survey
• naturalistic observation
• case study
• experiment