Ch. 8 & 9 Review

Which type of cell will contain the highest proportion of single membrane-bound structures?

• Ciliated epithelial
• Goblet cell
• Red Blood Cell
• Smooth Muscle Cell

An increase in CO2 in human blood shifts the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right.
What is the explanation for the effect?

• An increase in CO2 concentration increases the ventilation rate
• CO2 is more soluable than oxygen and displaces it
• Diffusion of CO2 between the alveoli and the blood is more rapid
• Increasing the H+ concentration descreases haemoglobin affinity for oxygen

Which row about the affinity between haemoglobin and the gases orders from highest to lowest affinity?

• CO, CO2, O2
• CO, O2, CO2
• O2, CO2, CO
• O2, CO, CO2

What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall?
1. Cartilage cells
2. Ciliated cells
3. Exocytotic vesicles

• 1 & 2 only
• 1 & 3 only
• 2 & 3 only
• 1, 2 & 3

Which statement is true for the Bohr effect?

• As the partial pressure of CO2 increasses, the dissociation curve becomes S-shaped
• At higher partial pressures of CO2 and equal partial pressures of O2, the % saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen will be higher
• The CO2 in the air prevents haemoglobin becoming fully saturated with oxygen during gas exchange in the lungs
• The release of O2 from haemoglobin is more likely at higher partial pressures of CO2

What happens during ventricular diastole?

• All semilunar valves open
• The atrio-ventricular valves open
• The pressure in the atria rises above the pressure in the ventricles
• The pressure in the left atrium rises more than the pressure in the right atrium

A person suffering from mild emphysema stopped smoking cigarettes. 
Why would this person's health improve?

• goblet cells secrete more mucus, allowing a greater number of pathogen to be trapped
• increased numbers of phagocytic macrophages arrive in the lungs
• less atheroma build-up on the inner lining of arterires, increasing lumen diameter
• less caroxyhaemoglobin produced, increasing oxygen transport by haemoglobin

Which component of cigarette smoke stimulates the release of adrenaline and causes arteriole constriction?

• tar
• nicotine
• Carbon monoxide
• carcinogens

Where is the mammalian heart beat initiated?

• AV Node
• Left Atrium
• SA node
• Purkyne tissue