Civics and Economics Goal 1 Review 20-40

Which scenario is the BEST example of the reciprocity between rights and obligations?

• a newspaper prints defamatory statements about a political candidate

• a radio station edits a prerecorded interview before broadcasting

• a business sues a competitor for using a patented product without permission

• a local government authorizes open land to be developed for commercial purposes

Which passage from the Declaration of Independence conflicts with the practice of slavery?

• "...a decent respect to the opinions of mankind..."

• "We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity"

• "...all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer..."

• "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal..."

Before the American Revolution, John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu wrote about the need for governments to be responsible to the people they govern. Montesquieu advocated constitutionalism and the preservation of civil liberties. Locke favored a social contract between a country's citizens and their government.

Which quote from the Declaration of Independence MOST closely combines the ideas of these two men?

• "Government long established should not be changed for light and transient causes..."

• "governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

• "The history of the present...is a history of repeated injuries...having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny"

• "He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual...for the purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures"

Based on the excerpt, which statement BEST supports these ideas in the Federalist 51?

If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary...[T]he great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.

-James Madison, Federalist 51

• government should keep citizens from having any control over it

• government should be designed to function with limited power

• government should set clear limits on citizens' rights

• government should stay out of religious matters

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

"...Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."

-The Declaration of Independence, 1776

Based on the Excerpt, which statement explains a basic belief of U.S. citizens?

• political power should be concentrated in the hands of a few

• people should be able to nullify government laws

• voters should be allowed to ignore harmful laws

• government leaders should be accountable to voters

Which statement describes an important advantage of the government system described in this excerpt?

[T]he power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments...The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.

-Federalist 51

• power is limited in both governments to protect individual rights

• individuals have the ability to participate in both levels of government

• local governments retail final authority in defending individual rights

• both governments are able to combine powers during emergencies

Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The entire legislature can perform no judiciary act, though by the join act of two of its branches the judges may be removed from heir offices....The entire legislature, again, can exercise not executive prerogative, though one of its branches...can try and condemn all the subordinate officers in the executive department.

-James Madison, Federalist No. 47, 1788

Which principle underlying the United States Constitution does James Madison explain in this passage?

• Government powers are separated and balanced

• Legitimate political authority comes from the people

• The Bill of Rights protects individuals' due process rights

• representatives to Congress are determined through elections

Use the information to answer the question.

The Declaration of Independence

*Pledge of commitment from colonial leadership

*Justification to the world for the revolution

*_____________?_________________________

Which phrase BEST replaces the question mark?

• formation of confederation of states

• creation of a national legislature

• explanation of purposes and principles

• establishment of a checks and balances system

Read the following.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

What is the source of this quotation?

• United States Constitution

• Declaration of Independence

• Articles of Confederation

• Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

We are all servants of the law in order that we may be free.

-Cicero, A World History of Ancient Political Thought, Antony Black, 2009

Which situation BEST reflects an example of this principle?

• a foreign official is granted immunity from prosecution

• a deposed ruler is arrested on charges of corruption

• a person reports a crime to government officials

• a court dismisses jurors during a trial