Psychology Midterm Review - Chapter 4

1. When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of:

• waking consciousness.
• divided consciousness.
• hypnosis.
• increased alertness.

2. After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in a state of:

• altered consciousness.
• waking consciousness.
• increased consciousness.
• divided consciousness.

3. Eventually, we all must sleep due to our:

• delta waves.
• beta waves.
• biological rhythms.
• explicit processes.

4. Which of the following is TRUE about the circadian rhythm?

• It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete.
• It is a cycle controlled by the hippocampus.
• It is when most dreams occur.
• It consists of the changes in a person’s heartbeat throughout the stages of sleep.

5. What effect does sleep deprivation have on memory?

• It has no effect on either short-term or long-term memory.
• It decreases one’s ability to recall information.
• It decreases long-term memory but has no effect on short-term memory.
• It enhances one’s ability to recall information.

6. Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions and alien abductions can be explained by __________ during the first stage of sleep.

• divided consciousness
• heightened consciousness
• REM rebound
• hypnogogic images

7. Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep?

• It involves a lot of movement and thrashing as people have vivid dreams.
• It is the stage of sleep in which the heart beats the slowest.
• It is when 90 percent of dreams occur.
• It is a much deeper, more restful kind of sleep than non-REM sleep.

8. A hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep and not-yet-fully-awake is:

• a hypnogogic hallucination.
• a dream.
• REM rebound.
• a hypnic jerk.

9. Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Jonah is experiencing:

• nightmares.
• somnambulism.
• sleepwalking.
• night terrors.

10. Insomnia can be helped by:

• dealing with anxieties directly before going to bed.
• watching TV in bed.
• trying harder.
• going to bed only when sleepy.