US History Unit 5 Review

What was one effect of industrialization on the U.S. economy in the 1870s?

• an increase in railroad construction in the West

• a decline in skilled manufacturing jobs in the Midwest

• a decline in the immigrant population of cities in the North

• an increase in sharecropper farming in the South

Which statement BEST describes how the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad contributed to the closing of the American frontier?

• The coasts of America were connected by industry.

• The landscapes of the West were protected from commercial development.

• The markets of Asia were opened to American products.

• The resources of the East were used to develop Canadian cities.

Before November 1883, most American cities and towns used some form of local time, kept by a public clock, to determine the time of day. Then many cities passed ordinances recognizing newly created time zones: Eastern Standard Time, central daylight time, Mountain Standard Time, and Pacific daylight time.

The adoption of time zones across the United States was a response to what need?

• coordinating railroad travel

• communicating by telephone

• scheduling radio programs

• organizing elections

What was John D. Rockefeller's strategy for economic control of the oil business?

• Association

• Monopoly

• Corporation

• Cooperative

At 4.20 p.m., Sunday, we rolled out of the station at Omaha, and started westward on our long jaunt. A couple of hours out, dinner was announced—an “event” to those of us who had yet to experience what it is to eat in one of Pullman’s hotels on wheels . . . . Then to bed in luxurious couches, where we slept the sleep of the just and only awoke the next morning (Monday) at eight o’clock, to find ourselves at the crossing of the North Platte, three hundred miles from Omaha—fifteen hours and forty minutes out.

—Mark Twain, Roughing It, 1872

1) Which statement is BEST supported by this excerpt?

• Railroads made travel to the western U.S. easier.

• Canals shortened the time it took to travel across the country.

• Stagecoaches were the quickest way to travel in the West.

• Steamboat travel was possible only for the few who could afford it.

• Increasingly began migrating to California in the 1850s

• Worked in the mines

• Made up a large percentage of workers on western end of Transcontinental Railroad

• Set up large, thriving communities in the San Francisco area

The information is MOST closely associated with which immigrant group?

• German

• Irish

• Italian

• Chinese

How did the distribution of wealth in the United States change due to industrialization in the late 19th century?

• Women’s wages became equal to men’s wages.

• Congress passed legislation to require a minimum wage.

• Industrialists grew rich while factory workers remained poor.

• Many industrialists created profit-sharing plans for their employees.

• Andrew Carnegie

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

• John D. Rockefeller

How did the contributions of these post-Reconstruction businessmen affect the United States?

• Their charities helped foster a system of social welfare in the U.S.

• Their donations to the arts increase the U.S. tourism industry.

• They encouraged the movement of U.S. companies abroad.

• They helped the U.S. become a world industrial power.

Who invented the light bulb?

• J. P. Morgan

• Morgan Wilson

• Alexander G. Bell

• Thomas Edison

• “Old” immigrants were Irish and Germans that arrived between 1840 and 1880.

• “New” immigrants were Polish, Russian Jews, and southern Italians that arrived between the late 1880s and 1919.

How were the “new” immigrants of the late 1800s MOST like “old” immigrants?

• “New” immigrants often found work on construction projects.

• “New” immigrants believed the U.S. offered personal freedom.

• Most “new” immigrants settled in rural areas.

• Most “new” immigrants came from countries in Western Europe.