Module 12 Review: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Which idea is represented by this list?

• The heliocentric theory
• The geocentric theory
• The social contract
• The scientific method

Which idea was promoted by both the thinkers of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

• Decisions and actions of governments should be based on past traditions.
• People should use reason and logic to understand the world.
• A strong military is necessary to keep society peaceful.
• Only God can grant an individual the authority to rule over others.

Which Enlightenment philosopher coined the ideology "Life, Liberty, and Property"?

• Voltaire
• Machiavelli
• Hobbes
• Locke

Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?

• A government’s power comes from the consent of the people.

• Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.

• Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth.

• The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.

Which writer opposed political absolutism?

• Niccolò Machiavelli

• James I

• Jaques- Benigne Bossuet

• John Locke

Base your answer to the question on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.

Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.

Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.

Which historical period is best represented in the ideas expressed by these speakers?

• Enlightenment

• Counter Reformation

• age of Exploration

• Early Middle Ages

Which statement best expresses the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

• Religious authorities are responsible for understanding and interpreting new information.

• Superstition and magic are important aspects of the natural world.

• Scientific ideas should be made to conform with existing thought systems.

• People should use reason and experimentation to draw scientific conclusions

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

• challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church

• support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe

• confirmation of Darwin’s theory of evolution

• a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

• efforts to achieve salvation

• faith in human reason

• traditional practices

• the inevitability of poverty

Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would

• prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power

• restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church

• increase corruption of political authority

• decrease the power of the middle class