Quarter 1 Review

Use the list below to answer the question.

Key Points in the Dred Scott v. Sandford Decision

• Dred Scott, a slave in Missouri, sued for his freedom because he had lived in both a free state and a free territory.

• The Supreme Court decision declared that African-Americans, free or slave, were not citizens of the United States and therefore had no rights, including the right to sue.

• The decision also declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

Question: Why was the Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court decision a threat to northern regions of the country?

• The Supreme Court ruled that limiting slavery to slave-states was not legal.

• The decision meant that northern business owners could not use slave labor.

• The Supreme Court determined that Black Codes in northern states were illegal.

• The decision meant that slaves had to be paid the same wages as other workers.

In its 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not United States citizens. What action was taken after the Civil War in response to this Supreme Court decision?

• Congress impeached the justices who made the ruling.

• The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review was limited.

• The 14th Amendment recognized the citizenship of African Americans.

• Justices considered court decisions made before the Civil War to be invalid.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

—15th Amendment to the United States Constitution

Which group was excluded from the rights guaranteed by this amendment?

• Naturalized Citizens

• Southerners

• Freed Slaves

• Women

Which statement BEST describes the effect of the 14th Amendment?

• Technical barriers to voter registration were eliminated.

• New practices of representative apportionment were created.

• Civil liberties were applied at the local level.

• New criteria for citizenship were applied nationwide.

What was a major disagreement between Federalists and anti-Federalists during the ratification of the U.S. Constitution?

• which party leader should be elected president

• how much power state governments should retain

• whether the legislature should override a veto

• when to enforce the concept of judicial review

What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on foreign involvement in the Civil War?

• It encouraged Mexico to become a safe haven for freed slaves

• It brought the Spanish in on the side of the Union

• It forced Canada to officially participate in the Underground Railroad

• It kept the British from providing aid to the Confederacy

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Opened the territory to settlement

• Contributed to clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces

• Proposed that the slave issue be resolved by a vote of the settlers

In what way did the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act contribute to ongoing struggles between

anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces?

• It protected slavery west of the Mississippi River.

• It effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise

• It encouraged cotton farmers to move westward.

• It created more free states than slave states.

n 1832, a convention in South Carolina issued an "Ordinance of Nullification" in reaction against tariffs enacted by the United States Congress. What principle did advocates of nullification use to support their cause?

• Due Process

• State's Rights

• Judiciasl Review

• Separate but Equal

Use the list below to answer the question that follows. Reconstruction Act of 1867

• new state constitutions had to provide for universal male suffrage

• new state constitutions had to be approved by a majority of registered voters • states had to ratify the 14th Amendment

What was the MAIN purpose of these requirements?

• To gain political support from advocates of states’ rights

• To specify how former states of the Confederacy could rejoin the Union

• To make it more difficult for newly freed slaves to enjoy the rights of citizenship

• To recognize the constitutions ratified by Southern states during the Confederacy

During the Civil War, with which of the following statements would a southern state most likely agree?

• State and federal governments should have equal power in determining what is best for the country

• A strong federal government is the best government

• State governments should have equal power to determine their own destinies

• The Federalists were correct in their assumptions about government