Review US History Semester EXAM

Which Andrew Carnegie quotation best explains why he funded libraries like the one in this photograph?

• "Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies,...and often there is friction between the employer and the unemployed."
• "The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is...great."
• "The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise."
• "This, then, is...the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance."

Which statement best explains how the application of electricity in the early 1900s affected the development of the U.S. economy? 

• Long-distance travel became more expensive. 
• College education became more accessible. 
• Manufacturing processes became more efficient 
• Household appliances became more costly 

How did the invention shown in this patent illustration affect industry?

• Machines needed to be repaired less frequently
• Products could be manufactured on an assembly line.
• Businesses needed to hire skilled workers.
• Factories could extend working hours.

"We conclude that this overpowering, irresistible tendency toward aggregation of capital and increase of size... cannot be arrested or even greatly impeded, and... instead of attempting to restrict either, we should hail every increase as something gained..." --Andrew Carnegie, The century

The business practice described above eventually led to the enactment of legislation that --

• Guaranteed public access to corporate records

• Protected consumers by prohibiting monopolies

• Protected domestic industries from foreign competetition

• Required reciprocity agreements between state governments

How did Andrew Carnegie contribute to civic and social life in the United States?

• By promoting spiritual and moral values in public schools

• By supporting conservative ideals in federal legislation and foreign policy

• By establishing philanthrophic organizations dedicated to education and the arts

• By creating a charitable foundation to end hunger

U.S. Cattle Industry in the Nineteenth Century

• Wild cattle multiplied for centuries in the Southwest.

• Growing cities created more demand for beef.

• Cowboys rounded up cattle and drove them to shipping centers on railroad lines.

• The introduction of barbed wire and windmills led to large fenced ranches.

• ________?_________

Which statement best completes this list?

• Congress passed legislation imposing tariffs on imported beef.

• Most of the cowboys on cattle drives were European immigrants.

• The cattle industry was nationalized under the Department of Agriculture.

• The need to process large amounts of cattle made meatpacking a major industry

One way the U.S. government responded to the problems caused by the conditions in this list was by —

•  passing the Interstate Commerce Act
•  implementing the silver standard for currency
•  creating a federal jobs program for the unemployed
• establishing a new tax on capital gains

Which of the following occurred as a result of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

• Workers secured a greater share of company profits
• The influence of labor unions on factory owners was reduced
• The federal government could dissolve business monopolies
• Businesses were required to pay fees to open overseas locations

How did the expansion of railroad transportation most benefit farmers in the United States? 

• By raising the consumer price of agricultural products 
• By increasing the variety of locally grown crops 
• By providing farmers with affordable access to distant markets 
• By encouraging farmers to form the first agricultural cooperatives 

Which of the following occurred between 1865 and 1900 as a result of the rapid industrialization of the United States?

• Social and economic class divisions began to disappear

• Concerns about air pollution led to stricter environmental regulations

• Union membership increased as workers sought better pay and conditions

• Factory owners introduced wage-equality policies for women in the workplace