Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

Selective incorporation is

• the act of creating new rights in the Bill of Rights

• extending the power of the bill of rights through the due process clause of the 14th amendment little by little

• adding to those who belong as citizens through the birthright citizenship clause

• a blanket extension of the bill of rights across the states

In Tinker v. Des Moines, the Court ruled

• any symbolic speech was okay

• students' right to speech was absolute

• student speech is protected as long as it does not disrupt the learning environment

• students do not have a right to speech in school

McDonald v. Chicago held that

• the 2nd amendment included an individual right to bear arms

• the 2nd amendment is absolute

• the government can restrict handguns only

• the 2nd amendment should be incorporated across the states but is not absolute

Wisconsin v. Yoder held that

• the Amish and the Mennonite communities are an exceptional protected class

• in order to deny someone's religious rights, the government must have a compelling interest to do so

• religious schools can be funded by the state

• no one can be exempt from school for any reason

Roe v. Wade held that

• access to abortion is unlimited

• abortions can only be performed in special medical cases

• women have a right to an abortion through the right to privacy established through the 1st, 4th, 9th, and 14th amendments, though the state has an interest in regulating it

• they would send the case back to the lower courts for a revised ruling

When examining whether or not the government or an entity is racially discriminating against someone, the court uses the _______________ standard.

• rational basis

• strict scrutiny

• moderate scrutiny

• no scrutiny

Engel v. Vitale held that

• prayer cannot be led by school officials because doing so violates the establishment clause

• prayer cannot take place in schools

• religious minorities cannot pray in school

• only Christian prayer is acceptable

Brown v. Board overturned Plessy because

• quality of separate facilities was terrible for white people

• quality of separate facilities was terrible for black people

• separate is inherently unequal

• Plessy only dealt with train cars

Title IX primarily focuses on

• sports

• colleges

• students

• sexual harassment, assault or discrimination in schools

The Voting Rights Act was passed to

• allow states to better establish their own rules

• end the denial of voting rights in any state or county across the country

• punish the South

• give Democrats more votes