Prenatal - fetal development and birth defects

Conception occurs when what happens.

• When the zygote (fertilized egg) is implanted into the uterus.

• When the ovum (egg) and sperm unite.

• When the ovum (egg) is released from the ovary

Which stage is it from the time the egg is fertilized until about 2 weeks?

• zygote

• embryo

• fetus

What is the stage where 1. mass of cells develops into all the major systems of the human body (heart & lungs, bones and muscles) 2. the amniotic sac fills with fluid to protect the baby 3. Placenta develops to carry food & oxygen 4. umbilical cord is the fourth important change of this stage.

• zygote

• embryo

• fetus

What birth defect would have these symptoms : damage to brain before, during, or shortly after birth ; it's the most common motor disease in children characterized by stiff, jerky movements ; frequent tripping / falling; behavior problems; speech difficulty; showing a hand preference BEFORE the age of one.

• downs syndrome

• muscular dystrophy

• cerebral palsy

What birth defect involves the progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles, most common form begins between the ages of 2 and 6, most types are hereditary, and there is no "cure," but physical and respiratory therapy can minimize the effects of the disease.

• PKU

• spina bifida

• muscular dystrophy

How long is the gestational period of a human baby?

• approximately 40 weeks

• approximately 45 weeks

• approximately 36

This disease is characterized by the following: An incompletely formed spinal cord may lead to stiff joints, difficulty moving legs, partial paralysis, & problems with kidneys & urinary tract. 70% of children with this disease also have hydrocephalus (excess fluids surrounds the brain causing brain damage). Combination of hereditary & environmental factors. Taking folic acid during pregnancy reduces the incidence. This defect is apparent at birth. Hydrocephalus is indicated by overly rapid growth of head. It can be detected by tests of mother’s blood, amniocentesis, and ultrasound. It may be treated by corrective surgery, physical therapy, and special schooling to minimize spina bifida disabilities. Hydrocephalus helped with operation to relieve fluid build up surrounding brain.

• spina bifida

• muscular dystrophy

• tay-sachs disease

What is the name of the tube that connects the ovary to the uterus and that the fertilized egg (zygote) will travel down to get to the uterus?

• gestation tube

• uterine tube

• fallopian tube

What are the 3 stages of prenatal development in ORDER from the first stage, middle stage, and last stage?

• fetal, zygote, embryo

• zygote, embryo, fetal

• embro, zygote, fetal

What should women be taking as it helps in formation of the neural tube and can prevent some defects?

• folic acid

• iron supplements

• protein tablets